Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions ( N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.

Research on perceptions of economic inequality focuses on estimations of the distribution of financial resources, such as perceived income gaps or wealth distribution. However, we argue that perceiving inequality is not limited to an economic idea but also includes other dimensions related to people’s daily life. We explored this idea by conducting an online survey (N = 601) in Colombia, where participants responded to an open-ended question regarding how they perceived economic inequality. We performed a content analysis of 1,624 responses to identify relevant topics and used network analysis tools to explore how such topics were interrelated. We found that perceived economic inequality is mainly represented by identifying social classes (e.g., the elites vs. the poor), intergroup relations based on discrimination and social exclusion, public spaces (e.g., beggars on streets, spatial segregation), and some dynamics about the distribution of economic resources and the quality of work (e.g., income inequality, precarious jobs). We discuss how different perceptions of economic inequality may frame how people understand and respond to inequality.

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ResumenEl artículo presenta una síntesis reflexiva basada en una investigación realizada en cali (colombia) sobre convivencia familiar en un sector de escasos recursos de la ciudad. se propone una lectura desde la Psicología social, tomando como referencia algunos elementos del interaccionismo simbólico como soporte interpretativo para un estudio cualitativo. los resultados muestran que existen una serie de lecturas de la convivencia familiar que se cruzan y entrecruzan en la construcción de realidad por parte de las personas implicadas y que tales versiones no necesariamente son coincidentes con los discursos hegemónicos sobre convivencia y violencia. de esta manera se abre la posibilidad de visiones más amplias de cómo se construye la realidad y se puede abordar una problemática tan importante como ésta.Palabras clave: interaccionismo simbólico, psicología social, convivencia familiar.

Partiendo de una perspectiva multidimensional, se analiza la configuración de la empleabilidad del profesorado universitario. Para ello se sistematizan aportes de la literatura especializada y se presentan resultados del análisis de 24 entrevistas sobre las trayectorias de académicos vinculados a universidades españolas y colombianas. El contraste de contextos espacio-temporales, permite visibilizar la incidencia diferencial de dinámicas socio-económicas, culturales, políticas, educativas y organizacionales en los mercados y relaciones del profesorado con su trabajo. De igual forma, se analizan recursos personales, relacionales y psicológicos del profesorado, que repercuten en la inserción, permanencia y movilidad del profesorado en los mercados de trabajo. Lo anterior genera aportes la comprensión de la empleabilidad como un fenómeno complejo, multidimensional y situacional, dependiente tanto del contexto como del individuo, que representa una estimativa potencial relativa de difícil aprehensión, pero con consecuencias concretas para las personas que trabajan.

Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries ( N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.

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