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Gastrointestinal nematode worm infection is one of the factors inhibiting efforts to improve livestock productivity. The treatment is done by anthelmintic, but lately have been several cases of drug resistance worm. So that needs to be tested to determine the effectiveness of worm medicine. The test of effectiveness of drugs against worms can be done in vitro either on eggs, larvae and adult worms to chemical anthelmintics and herbs anthelmintics. Before performing the in vitro test, first need to know a good media in vitro test for use to the egg, larva and nematode worms can survive well beyond its natural condition. This study was aimed to test the good solvent medium for the storage of eggs, larvae and adult worms that can be used in vitro tests. Solvent medium or the test medium in vitro as the storage of eggs, larvae and adult worms commonly used is a solution of isotonic or a solution containing a substance, such as 0.9% NaCl, DMSO 1%, PBS 1%, CMC 1%, Tween 20 1%, and distilled water. Eggs and larvae are stored in the petridish that already contains six media with each of the three repetitions and time of observation for 24 and 48 hours, while the adult worms was observed every hour for 5 hours. Result showed that in vitro medium good for eggs and larvae was DMSO 1% and PBS 1%, while for adult worms NaCl 0.9% and PBS 1%. PBS is a good medium if the test will be conducted simultaneously using eggs, larvae and adult nematode worms.Key Words: Nematodes, The Digestive Tract, Media, In vitro ABSTRAKInfeksi cacing nematoda saluran pencernaan merupakan salah satu faktor penghambat dalam meningkatkan produktivitas ternak. Pengobatannya dilakukan dengan pemberian obat cacing, tetapi akhir-akhir ini telah dilaporkan adanya kejadian resistensi obat cacing. Sehingga perlu dilakukan uji untuk mengetahui efektivitas obat cacing. Uji efektivitas terhadap obat cacing dapat dilakukan secara in vitro baik pada telur, larva dan cacing dewasa terhadap anthelmintik kimia maupun alami (herbal). Sebelum melakukan uji in vitro terlebih dahulu perlu diketahui media uji in vitro yang baik untuk digunakan agar telur, larva dan cacing nematoda dapat bertahan dengan baik di luar kondisi alamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji media pelarut yang baik untuk penyimpanan telur, larva dan cacing dewasa agar dapat digunakan pada uji in vitro. Media pelarut atau media uji in vitro sebagai penyimpanan telur larva dan cacing dewasa yang biasa digunakan adalah berupa larutan isotonis atau larutan yang mengandung zat tertentu, seperti NaCl 0,9%, DMSO 1%, PBS 1%, CMC 1%, Tween 20 1%, dan akuades. Telur dan larva disimpan pada cawan petri yang telah berisi enam media tersebut dengan masing-masing 3 pengulangan dan waktu pengamatan selama 24 dan 48 jam sedangkan pada cacing dewasa dilakukan pengamatan tiap jam selama lima jam. Diperoleh hasil bahwa media in vitro yang baik untuk telur dan larva cacing adalah DMSO 1% dan PBS 1% sedangkan untuk cacing dewasa NaCl 0,9% dan PBS 1%. PBS merupakan media yang baik jika akan dilakukan uji ...

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In terms of epidemiology, the distribution of anthrax globally remains enzootic, and is endemic in some parts of Indonesia. Contact with anthrax spores that present in meat, soil and grass can cause disease in both humans and animals. This paper describes risk factors causing high prevalence of anthrax, also attitude and knowledge of farmers’ community toward anthrax. Several risk factors that causing high prevalence of anthrax transmitted to humans are lack of farmers’ knowledge on anthrax, people's habit of slaughtering the sick animal and consuming the meat for economic reason. The knowledge of anthrax amongs farmer communities are influenced by education level, information sources, and professions. Farmers community knowledge in Indonesia towards anthrax is relatively low. Most farmers have wrong perception that anthrax is non-contagious disease. Control of anthrax in livestock and humans will be effective, if the community has better knowledge, attitude and good perception of disease. Interventions need to consider both technical and social (local knowledge and culture, as well as community behavior) factors to be appropriate and more acceptable to farmers and local communities.

The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) residues in fresh chicken meat and evaluate its consumption risk to the adult population in Indonesia. A total of 55 fresh chicken-meat samples were collected from Districts of Malang and Blitar, East Java Province, Indonesia, in April 2017. Detections of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a PDA detector. It was found that ciprofloxacin was detected with a frequency of 67.3% at a maximum concentration of 275.00 ng/g. Enrofloxacin was detected with a frequency of 41.8% at a maximum concentration of 242.40 ng/g, or totally as a sum of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin residues detected in 76.4% samples at a maximum concentration of 367.50 ng/g. The estimated dietary intakes of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin were 44.90 ng/kg body weight/day and 7.91 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively, resulting in the hazard indexes of 0.0063 and 0.0013 for the consumptions of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin residues in chicken meat. Therefore, the risk associated with the consumption of ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin residues in chicken meat by the adult population in Indonesia was considered negligible.

Zoonotic Arbovirus diseases which are caused by the genus of Flavivirus, Alphavirus, and Bunyavirus, are transmitted through potential vectors. These diseases are commonly occurred, especially in tropical countries, including Indonesia. They can affect the economic development because of the high morbidity and mortality. This paper describes the incidence of zoonotic Arbovirus in Indonesia and the strategy to control its vector. Factors that support the occurrence of zoonotic Arbovirus diseases are environmental, demographic and behavioral changes, as well as advanced technology, transportation and global trade. These diseases would not occur without the role of vectors. Vector control can be carried out effectively through longitudinal surveillance to identify types of potential vectors in the area and to prevent the increased incidence of the diseases.Key words: Zoonotic, Arbovirus, vector, control ABSTRAKPenyakit zoonosis virus Arbo disebabkan oleh genus virus Flavi, virus Alpha dan virus Bunya, disebarkan melalui vektor potensial. Penyakit ini sering terjadi khususnya di negara beriklim tropis, termasuk Indonesia. Penyakit ini dapat mempengaruhi perkembangan perekonomian karena angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Tulisan ini menelaah kejadian penyakit zoonosis virus Arbo di Indonesia dan cara pengendalian vektornya. Faktor pendukung kejadian penyakit zoonosis virus Arbo adalah perubahan lingkungan, perubahan demografi dan perilaku manusia, serta kemajuan teknologi, transportasi dan perdagangan global. Penyakit ini tidak akan muncul tanpa peran dari vektor. Pengendalian vektor dapat dilakukan secara efektif melalui surveilans longitudinal untuk mengidentifikasi jenis vektor potensial yang ada di suatu daerah dan untuk mencegah meningkatnya kejadian penyakit zoonosis virus Arbo.