Chloride ingress is one of the major causes of durability problems in reinforced concrete structures. This research focused to investigate the chloride penetration process through the concrete subjected to wetting and drying cycle. This research used 150 x 150 mm normal concrete prism sample with a 40 mm concrete cover. Three wetting and drying configurations used in this study to investigate the effect of wetting and drying period to the chloride penetration. The result indicated that the chloride concentration and penetration depth were highly influenced by the duration of wetting and drying. Based on the experimental result, concrete exposed to 5 hours drying and 3 hours wetting has the highest chloride concentration compared with the sample exposed to other wetting and drying configuration.

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Abstract This paper is aimed to review the current researches on Cold-formed steel (CFS) structures, particularly for screw connections, welded connections, bolted connections and adhesive connections. Connection presents as a major parameter of the important elements for CFS framing system in order to attain its structural stability. The performance of different CFS connections is well-discussed in order to capture the behaviour of each type of connection. Based on the review assessment, the results highlighted that all types of connections except adhesive connections have shown the proper behaviour that can trigger the change of any design codes. Otherwise, adhesive connection is given several advantages that leads a novelty in the construction technology. Hence it still has some gaps of knowledge that are needed to be filled with comprehensive future researches.Keywords cold-formed steel, connection, screw, welded, bolted, adhesive Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ulang penelitian terkini mengenai struktur baja berbentuk dingin (CFS), terutama untuk sambungan sekrup, sambungan las, sambungan yang dilipat dan sambungan perekat. Sambungan merupakan parameter utama elemen penting sistem pembingkaian CFS untuk mencapai stabilitas strukturalnya. Kinerja koneksi CFS yang berbeda dibahas dengan baik untuk menangkap perilaku setiap jenis koneksi. Berdasarkan penilaian review, hasilnya menyoroti bahwa semua jenis koneksi kecuali koneksi perekat telah menunjukkan perilaku yang tepat yang dapat memicu perubahan kode desain apapun. Jika tidak, koneksi perekat diberi beberapa keunggulan yang mengarah pada kebaruan dalam teknologi konstruksi. Oleh karena itu masih ada beberapa celah pengetahuan yang perlu diisi dengan penelitian masa depan yang komprehensif.Kata Kunci baja tahan dingin, sambungan, sekrup, dilas, dilipat, perekat

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Expansion of rust, as a result of reinforcement corrosion, can cause additional internal expansive pressure and initiate cracking to the concrete. This paper presents experimental test and numerical modeling of concrete cracking induced by reinforcement corrosion. The simulation was performed using finite element based program Abaqus CAE using concrete smeared cracking approach. The numerical modeling used non-uniform and uniform corrosion assumption to get more accurate result. Based on the result, the numerical modeling has 3.01% lower stress than the experimental test. The result of the simulation using non-uniform assumption showed more similar cracking pattern with the experimental test compared with uniform assumption.

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This paper presents a review of the proposed design for assessing the tensile capacity of a simply truss framing system of cold-formed steel. A series of connection tests were made to investigate the capacity of connections by its deformation and load caring capacity. Furthermore, Screw connections were compared to adhesive connections. Those were created of 1 screw to 3 installed screw using 8 mm screw. On the other hand, 50%, 75% and 100% percentage of adhesive, i.e., A3M and ASK were also added to be evaluated. As a result, the experimental condition was carried out for developing a model to predict the performance capacity of each specimen. The test specimens are a single lap C connection with one end fixed by a grip, and the other end is tensioned. Each specimen was subjected to the load maximum capacity and the load deformation behaviour. The adhesive material was made of the total area of screw connection which is controlled by the volume of its area. Further, the comparison connection was considered for the analysis of the connection capacity, which was estimated from the specimen's maximum load and the load-deformation behaviour. This research is also considered to face the problem of significant fracture mechanism and used as a further alternative solution. As a result, both adhesive materials could easily displace screw connection. ASK has a lower strength capacity than A3M but implied a better fracture mechanism. It was offered nearly similar behaviour and was suggested to evaluate the behaviour of screw-adhesive connection in advance.

Abstract This paper presents a study of Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) using FEMA 154 and applied in Indonesia based on SNI 1726. RVS is a method to asses potential earthquake hazard of a building based on visual observation ("sidewalk survey") of the exterior and interior building if possible, and a Data Collection Form. This study is intended to see how important the RVS of the FEMA 154 can be implemented in Indonesia with a case study at Yogyakarta. The buildings that reviewed were assumed to have the same parameters as mention in FEMA 154 and compatible with SNI 1726 (Indonesian earthquake map). The results from field survey were compared to the numerical analysis. From the case study, it was found that the administration building of ATK Academy, the dormitory building of Ministry of Internal Affairs, the office building of Department of Agriculture, and the educational building of Health Polytechnics have a score more than 2, and the buildings are also declared safe according to SNI 1726.