In this study, antioxidant, oxidant and oxidative stress index of Thymbra spicata L. collected from Duhok (Iraq) region were determined. The aerial parts of the plant were extracted with ethanol. Rel Assay Diagnostics kits were used for detect TAS, TOS and OSI values. As a result of the studies, it was determined that TAS value of plant extract was determined 8.399±0.102, TOS value was 6.530±0.115 and OSI value was 0.078±0.001. As a result, it was determined that T. spicata has high antioxidant potential and in this context, can be used as a natural resource.
The chemical composition and antimicrobial effect of essential oils derived from Teucrium polium L. and Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. in in vitro conditions were investigated in the present study. The results from the gas chromatographyÀmass spectrometry analysis showed that the obtained (Z)-b-farnesene from T. polium was with the highest percentage (15.49%), whereas b-pinene from the same plant was with the lowest percentage (0.74%). The 1,8-cineole in A. millefolium subsp. millefolium was with the highest percentage (22.83%), whereas p-cymene in the same plant was with the lowest percentage (0.93%). In the antimicrobial studies, the essential oils' effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), S. aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli Q157:H7 and Bacillus cereus CCM 99 were investigated using the agar well method. P. aeruginosa and MRSA showed the biggest inhibition zones (15 mm), whereas E. coli Q157:H7 showed the smallest inhibition zone (11 mm), each generated by using T. polium essential oils. MRSA showed the biggest inhibition zone (21 mm), whereas P. aeruginosa showed the smallest inhibition zone (10 mm), both obtained by using A. millefolium subsp. millefolium essential oils. Therefore, it was concluded that the essential oils obtained from the two plant species had an inhibition effect on resistant microorganisms .
In this study, 10 pear genotypes ( _ Incir, Bal, Nene, Kabak, Banda, Kırmızı, _ Imlahor, Baraka, Limon and G€ u g€ um), which grow in the Ardahan region, were evaluated for their total phenolic content, total anthocyanin content, brix , pH, titratable acidity, total ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity. According to the results, the pear genotypes used in this study had a high brix8 content, high phenolic, anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents, as well as high antioxidant activity. It was determined that 'Bal' pear had the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. In 'Nene' and 'Incir' pears, the quantity of ascorbic acid and anthocyanin, as well as the antioxidant activity were less than those in the other genotypes. Correlations between brix and pH, acidity and pH, peel phenolic content and flesh phenolic content, flesh ascorbic acid content and peel phenolic content, peel antioxidant activity and flesh phenolic content, were found to be significant. As a conclusion, due to the high levels of antioxidants and other bioactive compounds in pears, it is suggested to consume those fruits, especially with their peels. The results from this study will provide new insights into farming, fresh fruit consumption, industrial food processing and future research studies. IntroductıonPear is an important type of fruit, which is grown in Torrid Zones.[1] China is in the first place of pear farming with its 60% share of the pear production in the world.[2] According to 2012 data, Turkey's annual pear production is 387,345 tons.[3] Pear, which is native to Anatolia, Caucasia and Central Asia, has nearly 600 types in our country. In Ardahan region, 38 tons of pears are produced annually in a 34 daa area. However, this amount of pear production provides limited economic profit to farmers compared to other agricultural products in the region.Fruits, like pear, are important nutritions as carbohydrate sources. They contain approximately 54% fructose, 18% sorbitol, 15% sucrose, 13% glucose, low protein (0.5%) and lipid (0.3%) contents and high incidence of fibre (15À28 g/kg). These rates are suitable for diabetic and obese patients. [4,5] Pear contains more fibre than many other fruits.[6] In addition to the high level of carbohydrate and fibre, it contains other important nutritional elements, such as vitamins, minerals, anthocyanins and phenolic contents.[7] Phenolic compounds have a significant importance in the resistance to mechanical and biological stress. They also have a great importance due to the presence of pharmacological characteristics and factors which reveal the quality of the fruit, such as flavour, colour, soreness and acidity. [8] Other previously performed studies showed that fruit consumption reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and diabetes, as well as cardiovascular and nerve diseases.[9À12] It is stated that the antioxidant effect of phenolic compounds within fruits and vegetables reduces the disease risk.[13] Therefore, consumption of nourishments containin...
In this study, antioxidant, oxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities of Asparagus acutifolius L. and Asparagus officinalis L., known for their nutritional properties, were determined. In this context, methanol (MeOH) and dichloromethane (DCM) extracts of plants were obtained. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined using Rel Assay kits. Antimicrobial activities of plant extracts were determined against the test microorganisms using the agar dilution method. Antiproliferative activity was tested on the lung cancer cell line A549. As a result of the studies, it has been determined that the plant species have high antioxidant potential. In addition, it was observed that the antifungal potentials of plant extracts are high. Antiproliferative activity was determined to be at high level in both plant species. As a result, it has been determined that A. acutifolius and A. officinalis have medical potential and can be used as natural agents in pharmacological designs.
In the present study, chemical composition determination and in vitro antimicrobial effects of essential oil of Achillea biebersteinii plant grown under Erzincan ecological conditions were evaluated. Extractions were carried out with Clevenger apparatus and essential oil composition was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Microorganisms used for the antimicrobial studies were Salmonella enterica serovar typhimirium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC 25923, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ATCC 911, Bacillus cereus 702 ROMA, Enterobacter aerogenes CCM 2531, Bacillus subtilis IMG 22 and Proteus vulgaris FMC 1. As a result, a total of 29 components were detected in Achillea biebersteinii. Among them, 1,8-cineole (20.36%), cyclohexanone (8.39%), 2-cyclohexen-1-one (5.38%) and spathulenol (4.19%) were found as the major components. For the in vitro antimicrobial activity determination of essential oil, disc diffusion method was used in our study. Furthermore, 12-14 mm zone diameters were detected in antimicrobial activity assay. The highest resistance zone was detected against B. subtilis with 14 mm diameter while the least resistance zone was detected against Y. pseudotuberculosis, E. aerogenes and P. vulgaris with 12 mm diameter. Consequently, it was concluded that the essential oil extracted from the A. biebersteinii grown under Erzincan ecological conditions had an inhibitory effects on the pathogenic microorganisms in used method.
In this study, we performed a genetic diversity analysis using RAPD markers for some Vitex agnus-castus populations grown in Aydin, Turkey. Total genomic DNA isolation from the leaves of Vitex agnus-castus was performed using a commercial kit. Seven RAPD primers (OPA-02, OPA-05, OPA-13, OPA-15, OPA-16, OPA-18, OPA-20) were used to determine genetic diversity among populations. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed with all genomic DNA samples and primers. PCR products were run in agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized under UV light. The amplified products were scored as bands (1) and no bands (0) for all gel images and their matrix files were generated. A total of 36 characters were obtained from the primers. Phylogenetic relationships and genetic distances between the cultivars were calculated by using the PAUP* (Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony and other methods) program. According to PAUP analysis, the closest genetic distances were between Çine pink flower and Çakmar purple flower, and Çakmar pink flower and Çakmar purple flower populations with a value of 0.05556; and the greatest genetic distance was between Çakmar pink flower and Köşk purple flower populations with a value of 0.36111. In the phylogenetic analysis obtained using UPGMA algorithms, the phylogenetic tree consisted of four groups. The results suggest that RAPD markers are useful tools for determining genetic relationships among Vitex agnus-castus genotypes.
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