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RESUMOO objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o componente arbustivo-arbóreo de áreas ciliares em restauração e de remanecentes naturais em uma matriz silvícola, pela identificação da riqueza, diversidade, características autoecológicas dos indivíduos amostrados e pela estimativa da similaridade floristica. O estudo foi realizado em uma fazenda produtora de madeira de Pinus spp., Santa Alice, localizada no município de Rio Negrinho, Santa Catarina. Para o levantamento do componente arbustivo-arbóreo aplicou-se o método de pontos quadrantes, em quatro grupos amostrais: CA (Corredores ciliares de floresta nativa em estágio avançado), CR (Corredores ciliares em restauração), MA (Manchas de floresta nativa em estágio avançado), MI (Manchas de floresta nativa em estágio intermediário). Em MA e CR foram encontrados os indíces de diversidade mais elevados (4,04 e 2,81, respectivamente) e maior número de espécies. Considerando o número de indivíduos, as síndromes de dispersão e polinização, predominantes, em todos os grupos amostrais, foram zoocoria e zoofilia. O maior percentual de similaridade florística foi em CR e CA. Os demais grupos amostrais, MA e MI, não formaram agrupamentos. O grupo amostral CR apresentou composição, riqueza e diversidade floristica semelhante aos corredores ciliares mais antigos e conservados (CA) da Fazenda, indicando que essas áreas ciliares em restauração apresentam condições de recompor os componentes e as interações de uma comunidade ecológica. Palavras-chave: restauração ecológica; áreas ciliares; remanescentes naturais; silvicultura. ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to analyze the shrubby tree component in riparian corridors in restoration process and natural remainders in a matrix forestry. We identified the richness, diversity, dispersal and pollination syndromes of the individuals and estimate the floristic similarity. The study was conducted at the producing farm of Pinus spp. wood Santa Alice, located in Rio Negrinho city, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. We adopted the center-quarter method for survey the shrubby tree component in four sample groups: CA (advanced stage of riparian corridors vegetation), CR (riparian corridors in restoration), MA (advanced stage of natural remaining), MI (intermediate stage of natural remaining). We found the highest richness and diversity index in MA and CR. Regarding the number of individuals, the dispersal and pollination syndromes predominant in all sample groups were zoochory and zoophilia. CR and CA had the highest percentage of floristic similarity while MA and MI did not form clusters. The sample group CR has composition, richness and diversity more similar to CA. This indicates that the restoration of riparian zones has conditions to rescue the components and the interactions of an ecological community.

-(Richness and vertical stratification of vascular epiphytes in Jataí Ecological Station -a Southeast Brazilian Cerrado area). The richness and vertical stratification of vascular epiphytes was studied in Jataí Ecological Station (EEJ), São Paulo State, Brazil. A total of 1,574 epiphytes were recorded, corresponding to 29 species, 20 genera, and seven families. Angiosperms were represented by 23 species and Pteridophytes by six species. The characteristic form, holoepiphytes, was dominant in the area (93.1%). Epiphytes specialists were most common in the area, contributing with about 55% of species (17% trunk epiphytes and 38% canopy epiphytes); generalist species contributed 42%, and hemiepiphytes, with 3%. The intermediate zones had the highest number of species and more number of records. There was a significant difference among species that comprise the lower zones and the upper zones in the host trees. The richness and distribution of epiphytes are determined by some climatic factors, but the moisture and light intensity are the most important regulatory factors in the cerrado area researched. Key words: Ecological types, growth form, hotspots, phytosociology of epiphytes RESUMO -(Riqueza e estratificação vertical de epífitas vasculares na Estação Ecológica de Jataí -área de Cerrado no Sudeste do Brasil). A riqueza e a estratificação vertical das epífitas vasculares foram estudadas na Estação Ecológica deJataí (EEJ), SP, Brasil. No total, 1.574 epífitas pertencentes a 29 espécies, 20 gêneros e sete famílias foram encontradas. As Angiospermas foram representadas por 23 espécies e as Samambaias, por seis espécies. Os holoepífitos característicos formam dominantes na área (93,1%). Epífitas especialistas foram predominantes na área, cerca de 55% das espécies (17% de epífitas de fuste e 38% de epífitas de copa); as espécies generalistas contribuíram com cerca de 42% e as hemiepífitas com 3%. As zonas intermediárias apresentaram maior número de espécies e maior número de registros. Houve diferença significativa entre as espécies que compõem as zonas inferiores e as zonas superiores nos forófitos. A riqueza e a distribuição de epífitas são determinadas pelos fatores microclimáticos, sendo a umidade e a intensidade luminosa os fatores reguladores mais importantes na área de Cerrado estudada. Palavras-chave: Fitossociologia de epífitas, forma de crescimento, hotspots, tipos ecológicos

This study applied and evaluated the temporal change of the Distance to Nature index (D2N) for land use and cover monitoring in the Irati National Forest and its buffer zone (Southern Brazil) between 1986 and 2016. This study addressed the following questions: (1) Which land use dynamics were observed between 1986 and 2016 in the Irati National Forest and its buffer zone? (2) Is the analysis of D2N evolution relevant to assess landscape dynamics in protected areas and their buffer zones? The degree of naturalness decreased after 1986. Statistical analyses showed a significant difference in the D2N values between 1997 and all other years. We observed an increase of D2N values in the 30-year period. The spatial D2N trajectory map between 1986 and 2016 shows where the D2N values changed, and enables us to infer where the differences observed could compromise the ecological condition of the protected area and its buffer zone. The results demonstrate that an analysis by means of D2N can be an effective tool to monitor and assess anthropogenic influences on biodiversity in buffer zones around protected areas.

The intensification of anthropic uses (i.e., increase of the hemerobic condition) threatens the remnants of native vegetation due to the reduction of its self-regulation capacity. In this research, the Distance to Nature (D2N) index for land use and land cover was applied in the Río Grande de Comitán watershed (Southern Mexico) to answer the following questions: 1) What were the land use dynamics observed in the Rio Grande de Comitán watershed in the trajectory through 1999, 2009 and 2019? 2) Does the subcategorization of the D2N allow one to identify which anthropic uses influence more the territorial expression of the watershed? To answer these questions, we performed a supervised classification of land use and land cover was performed in this watershed, and for the D2N index, the classification was simplified to threecategory scale for the subcategorization of the anthropic component. Through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we identified that agricultural anthropogenic use had the greatest influence on territorial expression. The reported scenario indicates a trend of gradual and continuous reduction of naturalness over the last 20 years. Additionally, the D2N index proved to be a useful tool to demonstrate both the anthropic impact, with the simplified scale, and the How to cite this paper: López, F.