Drawing is an invaluable means of expression for children, which has always appealed to psychologists for its direct communicative features, as well as for the possibility of transcending intercultural differences. This volume allows students and researchers to learn a specific methodology of pictorial data analysis. The characteristics of children's drawings of interpersonal relationship, such as friends, siblings, child-parent, are measured by means of six scales: Cohesion, Distancing, Similarity, Value, Emotions and Conflict, which can be used jointly or individually. The method has proven to be highly useful in psychological research on the development of interpersonal relationships.

Preterm children showed sleep pattern problems and disturbance, predominance of attention problems, and negative emotionality related to sleep disruption.

Introduction This study investigated the relationships of pandemic-related stress and coping strategies with different kinds of sexting (i.e., experimental, risky, and emotional) during the COVID-19 lockdown in the Italian context. Methods A sample of 1929 emerging adults (Mage = 24.17, SDage = 2.75; 71.6% girls) completed an online survey about their sexting behaviors during the national lockdown in Italy. Data were gathered in April/May 2020, from 6th to 11th week of home confinement due to COVID-19 pandemic. Hierarchical regression and mediation analyses were performed. Results Pandemic-related stress directly predicted only risky and emotional sexting. Experimental and emotional sexting were positively predicted by social support, and negatively predicted by turning to religion. Risky and emotional sexting were positively predicted by avoidance, and negatively predicted by problem solving. Adaptive coping (i.e., social support) mediated the relationships from pandemic-related stress to both experimental and emotional sexting. Maladaptive coping (i.e., avoidance and problem solving) mediated the relationships from pandemic related-stress to risky and emotional sexting. Conclusions Sexting was a coping tool during COVID-19 lockdown, showing both adaptive and maladaptive facets. Policy Implications Findings suggest new directions for implementing programs of sexual education and safer Internet use targeted to young people.

This study examined the relationship between emotional understanding, friendship representation and reciprocity in school-aged children. Two hundred and fifty-one Caucasian 6-year-old children (111 males and 140 females) took part in the study. The Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC) and the Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships (PAIR) were used. Children having a reciprocal friendship and children having a unilateral friendship with a child named as their "best friend" were compared on the emotional understanding task and on their pictorial representations of friendship. Multilevel analyses indicated that friendship status effects were not influenced by classroom-level differences. Results showed that children with reciprocal friendships drew themselves as more similar to and more cohesive with their best friends, and they showed better understanding of emotions, than children having a unilateral friendship. Finally, the implications of these findings for theoretical and empirical research development on friendship are discussed.

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Ideas about romantic relationships have been studied in adolescents. This article extends this study to younger children. We asked two hundred seventy 5-to 11-year-olds to draw "two children who have a romance" and "two children who are friends," and we subsequently interviewed each participant about the characters' relationships. The drawings were coded with three scales of Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships (PAIR), an instrument by Bombi, Pinto, and Cannoni. Interviews were categorized by the characters' age and identity and by the distinguishing features of romance and friendship: location, intimacy, activity, personal characteristics, and emotions. Scale scores were compared with variance analyses, whereas the categories frequencies were submitted to chi-square. Results showed that all participants were able to distinguish the two relationships, even if the descriptions increased in detail with age. Girls provided more information than boys about romance, but were less inclined to talk about their own romantic experiences.

The present study examined the correlations between some variables of the Rorschach test and scores on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking which were administered to 40 normal volunteers. The Rorschach protocols were scored using Exner System. All the variables of the Figural Form of the Torrance tests showed clear association with the Developmental Quality, Synthesised Responses of the Rorschach, except for the Figural Elaborauon scores. The group of Verbal variables of the Torrance tests correlated wich the scores on Space and Unusual Form Quality Responses of the Rorschach. The results are discussed in terms of the cognitive operations involved in creative aspects of thinking.

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