Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships (PAIR)

Bombi, Anna Silvia; Cannoni, Eleonora; Pinto, Giuliana

doi:10.36253/978-88-8453-465-1

Cited by 39 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…The Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships (PAIR, Bombi et al, 2007) is an analytical system for collecting and coding school‐aged children's and adolescent's representations of their interpersonal relationships. The participants were asked to draw herself or himself with his/her sibling with ASD while they were doing something in (a) a situation of harmony and (b) a situation of conflict.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflicting and harmonious sibling relationships of children and adolescent siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder

Guidotti

Musetti

Barbieri

et al. 2020

Child

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Background The presence of a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could have a strong psychological and emotional impact on typical development (TD) siblings, with different ways of adjustment and perception of fraternal relationships. In this study, we aimed to investigate the experience of the TD siblings of children with ASD, combining both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Method An explanatory sequential design was employed. Forty‐four TD siblings of children with ASD, aged 6 to 17 years old, participated in the study. Each participant completed the Sibling Relationship Inventory that investigated warmth, rivalry and conflict in sibling relationships. Moreover, in order to thoroughly evaluate the participants' perception of their sibling relationship, they were asked to draw themselves with their sibling with ASD in a condition of harmony and conflict. The drawings were collected and coded using the well‐validated Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. Results In general, TD siblings showed affection for their siblings with ASD. However, males showed more conflict than females. Quantitative analyses of the drawings showed high levels of similarity between the siblings, despite the disability. In drawings, greater cohesion emerged in conditions of harmony and greater distancing in situations of conflict. Content analysis of the drawings showed that the conflict is represented mainly at home and the siblings often show opposite emotions, with TD siblings experiencing negative emotions. Moreover, adolescent TD siblings displayed more annoyance, shame and embarrassment than child TD siblings. Conclusions It is important to combine quantitative and qualitative tools to understand the experience of TD siblings in detail. In particular, drawing is a useful tool for providing quantitative and qualitative information, supplying rich and detailed information that can be well integrated with the results coming from quantitative tools.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conflicting and harmonious sibling relationships of children and adolescent siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder

Guidotti

Musetti

Barbieri

et al. 2020

Child

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“…The PAIR (Bombi et al, 2007) analysis method was used to meet the aim of exploring hospitalized children’s views of their relationships with nurses and doctors. The PAIR is a system of analysing drawings, developed by an Italian research group in the 1990s, with the aim of studying the representations that school-age children make of their interpersonal relationships.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular it has been used to investigate friendship, relationships with parents and relationships with teachers. Several studies (Bombi et al, 2007) have shown that the instrument has construct validity (a theoretical analysis on the relevance of each dimension to the study of friendship and other relationships was conducted), reliability (agreement range from 96% to 99%) and discriminant validity (a main effect of the type of drawing – friend vs non-friend – emerged in all the four scales in a study with 100 Italian children aged between 6 and 11 years). The task consisted of creating a picture.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authors focused in particular on the child’s voice, heard through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The aim of the present study was to investigate the perception of this relationship through children’s drawings, in the light of the hypothesis elaborated by Bombi et al (2007) about the use of drawing as a tool to access children’s ideas about social relationships. We focused on children in the paediatric haematology and oncology department, who had a long experience of hospitalization and contact with hospital staff.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hospitalized children’s representations of their relationship with nurses and doctors

Corsano

Majorano

Vignola

et al. 2012

J Child Health Care

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This article reports an explorative study which aims to investigate hospitalized children's views of their relationships with nurses and doctors. Twenty-seven school-aged children and adolescents from 6 to 15 years old in the paediatric haematology and oncology ward of an Italian hospital participated in the study. Each participant was asked to draw him or herself with a doctor or nurse from the ward while they were doing something. The drawings were analysed using Pictorial Assessment of Interpersonal Relationships (PAIR) and a qualitative analysis. The results showed that the participants viewed their relationships with health professionals positively, in particular with the nurses. This relationship was perceived as close, intimate, cohesive and without conflict. In some cases it became an emotional bond. Finally, this relationship helped the patients to cope with painful and uncomfortable medical procedures, which gradually became familiar and accepted. The clinical implications of this study are discussed.

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“…Pinto and Di Prospero (2000) asked 100 children (age 6 to 10 years) to produce two drawings, one of "harmony" and one of "disharmony" between themselves and one of their teachers. The authors scored the drawings with PAIR (Bombi et al, 2007), a method of analysis devoted to measure various qualities of depicted interpersonal relationships. Pinto and Di Prospero (2000) found a significant difference between drawings in terms of a higher number of pictorial indices of psychological distance in disharmony situations, possibly indicating a defensive need for a larger personal space.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%