No abstract

Е. В. Агамирова А. С. КаменскийФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт экономики, политики и права в научно-технической сфере» (г. Москва, Россиия), * zharovaen@rambler.ruВведение. Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что уровень и равномерность инновационного развития регионов являются ключевым фактором роста конкуренто-способности и технологической независимости страны в целом, в связи с чем особую важность приобретает разработка эффективных инструментов управления инновационной региональной активностью. Цель статьи -разработка предложений по инновационному развитию регионов России на основе анализа их инновационной активности и реализу-емых научно-технологических направлений с учетом зарубежного опыта. Материалы и методы. Методологическую основу исследования составили обще-научные методы: анализ и синтез, обобщение, системный подход, сбор фактов из официальных источников. Применены принципы системного и комплексного подходов. Результаты исследования. Проанализирован и предложен к использованию опыт Республики Корея в области закрепления обязанностей по поддержке и развитию регионов или определенных территориальных образований за крупной отраслевой промышленной компанией, ведущей свою деятельность в данном регионе. Результаты интеллектуальной деятельности, полученные в ходе синергетического эффекта, имеют прямое применение в практической деятельности данных компаний. Выявлен ряд новых для российской практики показателей мониторинга инновационного развития регионов, которые рекомендуется использовать. Обсуждение и заключения. Необходимо разработать комплекс предложений, каса-ющийся совершенствования механизмов, направленных на стимулирование развития Introduction. The research is of relevance as the level and uniformity of innovative development of regions are a key factor in the growth of competitiveness and technological independence of Russia as a whole, and therefore the development of effective tools for managing innovative regional activities acquires particular importance. The purpose of the article is to formulate proposals for the innovative development of the regions of Russia on the basis of an analysis of their innovative activities as well as scientific and technological areas they are involved in, taking into account foreign experience. Materials and Methods. The general scientific methods were used as the methodological basis of the research, including analysis and synthesis, generalization, systemic approach and collection of facts from official sources. Principles of the systemic and complex approaches were applied.Results. The experience of the Republic of Korea in the field of assigning responsibilities for supporting and developing regions or certain territorial entities for a large industrial industrial company operating in the region has been analyzed and recommended. The results of intellectual activities, obtained as a synergetic effect, have direct application in the practical activities of these companies. A number of new indicators recommended to be used for monitorin...

No abstract

Introduction. The implementation of priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation involves an assessment of the trends in the development of human, scientific, technological and innovation potential within the framework of these directions. In modern conditions of transformation of science and technology into key factors of Russian development, it is necessary to provide the country’s economy with human resources capable of withstanding “big challenges”, but at this stage there is a shortage of highly qualified specialists in many key industries that can offer a new scientific result, taking into account the prospects for its application. The purpose of the article is to develop an approach to assess the human, scientific, technological and innovative potentials in the context of priorities in the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation and its validation using the example of three priorities. Materials and Methods. The materials of this study draw on Rosstat and FSMNO ; Rospatent; Web of Science and Scopus. The object of research is to assess human, scientific, technological and innovative potential in the context of priorities in scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. In the course of the research, a multiplicative model of the impact of the availability of human, scientific, technological and innovative capacity on labour intensity was developed. In the process of research, the following research and analysis methods were used: comparison, induction and deduction method, generalisation method, chain substitution method, logical structure study, system analysis, and special methods of statistical, comparative analysis. In the methodological plan, we used the system and process appro aches in the basis of the study. Results. The study revealed that the labour intensity in 2016 for all three priorities of the scientific and technological revolution of the Russian Federation has increased. Therefore, according to the priorities of the scientific and technological revolution of the Russian Federation, the availability of scientific, technological and innovative potential is not sufficient, which leads to a decrease in the reverse indicator of labour intensity - labour productivity in the markets within the framework of these priorities. Concerning the impact on labour intensity in all three priorities, one observes: the growth of “collaborations” in fundamental research, the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, “collaborations” of applied research; reduction in citations from scientific articles, low patent activity of engineering and technical workers, technological demand for patents. Therefore, against the background of emerging collaborative activity of actors in the process of research and development and the growth of the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, there is a low level of orientation of scientific and scientific-technical results to c ommercialisation. Discussion and Conclusions. On the basis of the multiplicative model developed by the authors for assessing the impact of the provision of human, scientific, technological and innovative capacities on labor intensity, it was tested on the example of the three priorities of the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation (a, b, c). It was revealed that the labour intensity in 2016, according to the priorities of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Russian Federation, increased, and the availability of scientific, technological and innovative potential is not sufficient, which leads to a decrease in the inverse measure of labour intensity - labour productivity in high-tech markets within the framework of these priorities. Concerning the impact on labour intensity for all three priorities, it was revealed: the growth of “collaborations” of fundamental research, the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, “collaborations” of applied research; reduction in citations from scientific articles, low patent activity of engineering and technical workers, technological demand for patents. It was also revealed that against the background of the emerging collaborative activity of actors in the process of research and development and the growth of the applied effectiveness of scientific activity, there is a low level of orientation of scientific and scientific-technical results to commercialisation.

No abstract

Aim. The aim of the study is to reveal the relationship between the level of effectiveness of national intellectual capital use and the level of national competitiveness and to detect if there is a difference in the character of the relationship in developed and developing countries. In the article the description of national intellectual capital and its components is presented. The character of the relationship between the indicators that reflect the level of intellectual capital development and the efficiency of its use and one of the macroeconomic indicators of national competitiveness -the national labor productivity, expressed in gross domestic product (GDP) per person employed, -is examined. Method. The analysis of the influence of country's intellectual capital and the efficiency of its use on the national competitiveness increase was performed by the method of correlation-regression analysis as the most suitable for this for this purpose. The study was conducted on a sample of 215 countries and their indicators on the basis of their assignment to the groups depending on income level. Results. The study has confirmed the dependence of the target indicator of country's labor productivity, expressed in GDP per person employed on the indicators of the efficiency of intellectual capital use. The belonging of a country to one or another income group does not affect the nature of the relationship between the level of national competitiveness and the level of indicators which characterize the efficiency of intellectual capital use. Conclusion. To develop an effective set of measures to improve the efficiency of national intellectual capital use it is advisable to consider not only the experience of countries which belong to the group of high income level, but also the experience of countries from other groups, for example, the experience of rapidly developing countries from upper middle and middle groups such as China,

The article describes different approaches to the definition of «intellectual capital» and examines its components, i. e. human capital and intellectual property. A comparative analysis of the various systems of state regulation of the intellectual capital management and the use of intellectual activity in the USA, Great Britain, China, Russia and other countries is conducted. * The study was sponsored by RFH in the framework of the Research project «Development of proposals to improve the efficiency of using the intellectual capital of Russia» (Project no. 15-02-00632). Special attention is paid to the analysis of universities as an important element of the national system of intellectual capital. In particular, brief characteristics of foreign and domestic systems of remuneration of the teaching staff are considered, which provoke the world discussions on the legality of the use of quantitative and expert assessments in the formation of this system, given the current trend towards the use of quantitative performance indicators. The data is given that now most countries prefer a decentralized system of higher education as more flexible and responsive (in spite of the fact that the process of decentralization brings both positive and negative effects). The most urgent problems of the domestic system of state management of human capital and RIA are stated such as geographical remoteness of the regions from the center, horizontal inequality in wages, low salary of researchers, lack in demand for the intellectual property, etc. A pictorial diagram of different kinds of taxation that promote the use of intellectual capital operating in different countries is based on the accumulated experience. The data on tax benefits, stimulating the domestic system of research and development at the federal and regional levels is classified. The analysis of the national system of tax benefits in the use of intellectual capital, the results of which confirm the gap between the scientific and industrial sectors has been carried out. The directions for the improvement of the national intellectual capital management system are outlined.

Introduction. In the context of global competition between intellectual industries and building transnational structures that ensure socio-economic development, joining the world’s top 5 most innovative economies is possible only in case of increasing the science intensity of the business sector of the economy. Based on the results of the study conducted, the article gives an analysis of the industry average values of the costs of enterprises for research and development (R&D) in economically developed countries and outlines proposals for achieving a similar level of costs for such work in Russia. Materials and Methods. The study used data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development international statistical database, those from Rosstat, and reports from companies implementing innovative development programs. The results of the implementation of the programs for innovative development of Russian state corporations were evaluated. The study employed the methods of economic analysis, comparison, generalization, induction, and deduction. Results. On the basis of the study conducted, the authors have proposed recommendations for bringing the R&D costs to the level of the industry average values in economically developed countries. The authors have also proposed to secure the coefficients of the R&D costs corresponding to those in countries leading in innovative development in the programs of innovative development of organizations, taking into account the industry specifics. The authors have recommended introduction of such tools that ensure the achievement of the level of investment expenditures in R&D of economically developed countries, as the “qualified customer” model and the innovation voucher. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the results of the analysis performed, a conclusion has been drawn that not all state corporations fully implement the assigned tasks. In order to ensure the technological development of the country, a number of federal executive bodies have been implementing a set of measures which lack synchronization. The results of this study can be used by public authorities when making managerial decisions in research and development.