Infeksi saluran napas menduduki peringkat pertama dalam kelompok penyakit penyebab rawat jalan. Salah satu penyebabnya tingkat polusi udara. World Health Organization (WHO) menyatakan polusi udara bertanggung jawab atas 200 ribu kematian di daerah perkotaan dan 87% kasus kematian yang terjadi di negara berkembang pada tahun 2012. Peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor merupakan penyebab polusi udara di dunia maupun Indonesia. Badan Statistik (BPS) menyatakan kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia akan terus meningkat dan tercatat pada tahun 2016 terdapat 129.281.079 kendaraan. Populasi yang sangat rentan terhadap penurunan fungsi organ paru adalah pekerja outdoor, salah satunya adalah supir angkot akibat terpapar langsung oleh polusi udara dan tidak menggunakan masker sebagai alat pelindung diri. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh lama kerja terhadap fungsi paru pada supir angkot jurusan Cimahi di Terminal Leuwi Panjang Bandung periode Maret–Mei tahun 2018. Pengukuran fungsi paru menggunakan spirometer. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional terhadap 40 responden. Analisis statistika menggunakan Pearson correlation test. Hasil penelitian ini 16 responden (40%) memiliki lama kerja £5 tahun dan 24 responden (60%) lama kerja >5-15 tahun, memiliki rerata usia 31,27 tahun, berat badan 61,8 kg, tinggi badan 168,35 cm, dan IMT 21,79 kg/m2. Terdapat 17 responden (42%) memiliki fungsi paru normal, 23 responden (58%) mengalami gangguan restriktif fungsi paru dan sebagian besar responden dengan fungsi paru restriktif memiliki lama kerja >5-15 tahun p=0,00. Simpulan terdapat pengaruh lama kerja terhadap fungsi paru supir angkot jurusan Cimahi. THE EFFECT OF LENGTH OF WORKING ON LUNG FUNCTION AT DRIVER OF CIMAHI DESTINATION AT TERMINAL LEUWI PANJANG BANDUNGRespiratory infections ranked first in the outpatient disease category. One of the main factors is high level of air pollution. World Health Organization (WHO) states that air pollution is responsible for 200,000 thousands of deaths in urban area and 87% of the total deaths in developing countries in 2012. The increase in the number of vehicles is the cause of air pollution in the world including in Indonesia. Statistical agency claimed that the number of vehicles in Indonesia would grow exponentially and it has been recorded that there was 129,281,079 vehicles in 2016. Populations which are highly susceptible to decline in lung function is field workers, one of them is drivers of public transportation due to direct exposure of air pollution and this is exacerbated by the disuse of mask as self-protection. The aim of this research was to discover the relationship between the long working hours and lung function on the drivers of public transportation to Cimahi as the destination at Terminal Lauwi Panjang Bandung period on March–May in 2018. Lung function measurement using spirometer. The research design was analytic observasional using cross sectional design by 40 respondents and statistics analysis with Pearson Correlation test. The results of this study indicated 16 respondents (40%) with length working £5 years dan 24 respondents (60%) with length working >5-15 years had mean of age 31.27 years, body weight 61.8 kg, height 168.35 cm, and IMT 21.79 kg/m2. 17 respondents (42%) had normal function of lung and 23 respondents (58%) decrease the function of lung and most of the respondents who experienced restrictive had length working >5-15 years (p=0.00). In conclusion, there is effect of length of working on lung function at driver of Cimahi destination.
Abstract. Anxiety is a situation of individual feelings when facing a situation that is considered to be self-threatening. New students have the opportunity to experience anxiety. Medical students are more prone to experiencing psychological anxiety than students of other majors. Medical students are considered to have high stressors, experiencing more pressure and tension. If this happens to students it will disrupt academic activities and cause a decrease in academic achievement. This study aims to determine the level of anxiety and sleep quality of students at the Faculty of Medicine level I, Bandung Islamic University for the 2021/2022 Academic Year and to analyze the relationship between these two factors. This research method used an analytic cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling technique. The samples obtained were 71 students and then crossed the anxiety data and sleep quality of the research subjects. Based on the cross-tabulation results, it was found that more students had very severe anxiety levels of 62% and more had poor sleep quality of 98.6%. Based on the results of the Spearman test, a significance value of 0.001 (<0.05) was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.400 which indicates that there is a moderate/sufficient relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality in Level I Students of the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Bandung, Academic Year 2021/2022. Anxiety in a person can cause stress hormones to interact with the brain and body so that it affects the quality of sleep. Keywords: Anxiety Level, Sleep Quality Abstrak. Kecemasan merupakan situasi perasaan individu ketika menghadapi situasi yang dianggap mengancam diri sendiri. Mahasiswa baru memiliki kesempatan untuk mengalami kecemasan. Mahasiswa kedokteran lebih rentan mengalami kecemasan psikologis dibandingkan mahasiswa jurusan lain. Mahasiswa kedokteran dianggap memiliki stressor yang tinggi, lebih banyak mengalami tekanan dan ketegangan. Jika hal ini terjadi pada siswa maka akan mengganggu kegiatan akademik dan menyebabkan penurunan prestasi akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kecemasan dan kualitas tidur mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran tingkat I Universitas Islam Bandung Tahun Akademik 2021/2022 dan menganalisis hubungan antara kedua faktor tersebut. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross-sectional analitik dengan teknik simple random sampling. Sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 71 siswa kemudian disilangkan data kecemasan dan kualitas tidur subjek penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil tabulasi silang, ditemukan lebih banyak mahasiswa yang memiliki tingkat kecemasan sangat berat sebanyak 62% dan lebih banyak lagi yang memiliki kualitas tidur buruk sebanyak 98,6%. Berdasarkan hasil uji Spearman diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,001 (<0,05) dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,400 yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan sedang/cukup antara tingkat kecemasan dengan kualitas tidur pada Mahasiswa Tingkat I Fakultas Ilmu Budaya. Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung, Tahun Akademik 2021/2022. Kecemasan pada seseorang dapat menyebabkan hormon stres berinteraksi dengan otak dan tubuh sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas tidur. Kata kunci: Kualitas Tidur, Tingkat Kecemasan
Abstract. The prevalence of headaches globally reaches 47%, with the highest proportion of 38% being tension-type headaches. A high prevalence of headaches occurs in college students, especially in medical faculties, which are dominated by tension-type headaches. This study aims to determine tension-type headaches in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam bandung. The sample selection technique for this study used purposive sampling with 111 research subjects. This study used an observational method with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out using the Headache Screening Questionnaire (HSQ). The results of this study showed that 67 students (60.4%) experienced tension-type headaches, 27 students (24.3%) had probable tension-type headaches, and 17 students (15.3%) did not have tension-type headaches. The high percentage of tension-type headaches is related to Medical Faculty Students with a using devices to support the learning process can cause muscle tension. Excessive radiation received can trigger tension-type headaches. Keywords: Headache, tension-type headache, faculty of medicine Abstrak. Prevalensi nyeri kepala di dunia mencapai 47% dengan persentase tertinggi 38% adalah nyeri kepala tipe tegang. Prevalensi nyeri kepala yang tinggi terjadi pada mahasiswa terutama di fakultas kedokteran yang didominasi oleh nyeri kepala tipe tegang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian nyeri kepala tipe tegang pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung. Teknik pemilihan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling, dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 111 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan Headache Screening Questionare (HSQ). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan mahasiswa yang mengalami nyeri kepala tipe tegang sebanyak 67 orang (60,4%), probable nyeri kepala tipe tegang 27 orang (24,3%), serta tidak nyeri kepala tipe tegang sebanyak 17 orang (15,3%). Persentase terjadinya nyeri kepala tipe tegang yang tinggi berkaitan dengan Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran yang memiliki beban belajar tinggi, stres, gangguan tidur, dan penggunaan gawai untuk menunjang proses pembelajaran dapat menyebabkan ketegangan otot, serta berlebihnya radiasi yang diterima dapat mencetuskan terjadinya nyeri kepala tipe tegang. Kata Kunci: Nyeri kepala, nyeri kepala tipe tegang, fakultas kedokteran
AbstrakPepaya (Carica papaya L.) adalah salah satu obat tradisional yang digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan. Pepaya mengandung beberapa substansi fitokimia seperti saponin, alkaloid, terpenoid, dan flavonoid. Saponin dan alkaloid diketahui mampu berinteraksi dengan membran eritrosit dan menyebabkan disintegrasi membran sehingga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada eritrosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui toksisitas akut ekstrak air buah pepaya muda terhadap morfologi eritrosit melalui pengamatan sediaan apus darah tepi. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium dilakukan di Laboratorium Biomedis, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung periode Januari-Februari 2016. Penentuan kelompok dosis berdasar atas proposed (new) recommended method menggunakan 11 ekor tikus yang diberi dosis oral ekstrak air buah pepaya muda 50, 200, 400, 800, 1.000, 1.500, 2.000, 3.000, 4.000, 5.000 mg/kgBB masing-masing dan satu tikus hanya diberikan air sebagai kelompok kontrol. Pengamatan dilakukan setelah 24 jam pemberian ekstrak. Hasil pengamatan sediaan apus darah tepi menunjukkan tidak terdapat perubahan morfologi eritrosit baik bentuk, ukuran, dan warnanya. Simpulan, ekstrak air buah pepaya muda tidak memiliki toksisitas akut terhadap morfologi eritrosit. Kata kunci: Buah pepaya muda, eritrosit, toksisitas akut Acute Toxicity of Unripe Papaya Fruit (Carica papaya L.) Water Extract to Morphology of Erythrocyte AbstractPapaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of traditional medicines which was used to overcome health things. It is contained of some phytochemicals substance such as saponin, alkaloid, terpenoid, and flavonoid. Both saponin and alkaloid were known having an ability to interract with eryhtrocyte membran and cause membrane disintegrity that can destruct the erythrocyte. This study was aimed to know the acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of unripe papaya fruit to the erythrocyte morphology by observe the peripheral blood smear. The method of this study was conducted experimental laboratory at Loboratory of Biomedical, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung in JanuaryFebruary 2016. Determination of dose group is based on proposed (new) recommended method with 11 rats were administrated oral dose 50, 200, 400, 800, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, 5,000 mg/kgBW of unripe papaya fruit aqueous extract, and one rat was only given water as control group. Observation had been done at 24 hours after extract administrating. It showed that there was not any abnormal morphology, size, and chromatic changes of erythrocyte in blood smear observations. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of unripe papaya fruit do not have the acute toxicity to erythrocyte morphology.
Gooseberry is an herbaceous plant that contains flavonoids. Flavonoid is one of the secondary metabolites that have an anti-inflammatory effect. This study aims to determine the effect of using ethanol extract of gooseberry as an anti-inflammatory in carrageenan-induced paw edema. This study was in vivo experimental laboratory using a completely randomized design of 25 Wistar rats and divided into five groups. The negative control group was given carboxymethylcellulose. The positive control group has given diclofenac sodium 27 mg/200 gBW. The sample test group has given ethanol extract of gooseberry with 3.6 mg/200 gBW, 5.4 mg/200 gBW, and 7.2 mg/200 gBW dosage. Paw rat’s inflammation induced by injecting carrageenan and measured from 1st to 6th hour using a pletismometer. This study has conducted at Pharmacology Laboratory, Universitas Islam Bandung, and the Laboratory of Therapy and Pharmacology, Universitas Padjajaran, from June to September 2019. The result of average edema volume paw rats using the Kruskal-Wallis test on the 6th hour was p=0.02 (p<0.05). The Mann-Whitney test was p<0.05, showing differences between negative control and positive control and sample test groups. One-way ANOVA test on the percentage of edema inhibition between positive control and sample test group had p=0.107. It shows no significant difference. An effect of ethanol of extract of gooseberries as an anti-inflammatory with the highest percentage of edema inhibition is 5.4 mg/200 gBW dosage. The flavonoid content in gooseberries is thought to inhibit the formation of prostaglandins by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of gooseberry can be anti-inflammatory. EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL CIPLUKAN (PHYSALIS ANGULATA) TERHADAP EDEMA TELAPAK KAKI TIKUS GALUR WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENANCiplukan adalah tanaman herbal yang mengandung flavonoid. Flavonoid merupakan salah satu metabolit sekunder yang dapat memberikan efek antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak etanol ciplukan sebagai antiinflamasi pada tikus yang diinduksi karagenan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian laboratorium eksperimental in vivo menggunakan desain rancangan acak lengkap pada 25 ekor tikus galur Wistar yang terbagi ke dalam lima kelompok. Kelompok kontrol negatif diberi carboxymethilcellulose. Kontrol positif diberi sodium diklofenak 27 mg/200 gBB. Kelompok uji diberi ekstrak etanol ciplukan dengan dosis 3,6 mg/200 gBB; 5,4 mg/200 gBB; dan 7,2 mg/200 gBB. Induksi inflamasi dilakukan dengan menginjeksikan karagenan pada telapak kaki tikus, lalu diukur menggunakan pletismometer dari jam ke-1 hingga jam ke-6. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmasi, Universitas Islam Bandung dan Laboratorium Farmasi dan Terapi, Universitas Padjajaran dari bulan Juni hingga September 2019. Volume rerata telapak kaki tikus pada jam ke-6 menggunakan Uji Kruskal-Wallis adalah p=0,02 (p<0,05). Hasil Uji Mann-Whitney diperoleh p<0,05 yang menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif serta kelompok uji. Uji one-way ANOVA pada persentase penghambatan edema antara kontrol positif dan kelompok uji diperoleh p=0,107 yang menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna. Terdapat pengaruh ekstrak etanol ciplukan sebagai antiinflamasi dengan persentase penghambatan edema tertinggi pada dosis 5,4 mg/200 gBB. Kandungan flavonoid pada ciplukan diduga mampu menghambat pembentukan prostaglandin dengan menginhibisi enzim siklooksigenase. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol ciplukan dapat digunakan sebagai antiinflamasi.
In the development of new drugs as candidates for cancer therapy agents, cytotoxic testing is needed as an initial screening to determine the effect of a natural substance in inhibiting tumour cell growth. One of the active compounds of flavonoid derivatives that are being studied as anticancer is a compound derived from clove leaf oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of flavonoid compounds from clove leaf oil on liver cancer cell culture and make comparisons with standard drugs for cancer therapy. Examination of cytotoxic activity was carried out on HepG2 cell line culture used MTT method. The absorbance of each well was measured with spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 595 nm. The absorbance results were calculated to create a cytotoxic curve. Based on the cytotoxic curve, IC50 values of flavonoid compounds, doxorubicin and cisplatin were 50.62μg/mL, 20.25μg/mL, 15.42μg/mL respectively. Those showed that flavonoid compounds from clove leaf oil have strong anti-cancer activity (IC50<100μg/mL) against liver cancer cells. It was concluded that flavonoid compounds isolated from clove leaf oil were shown to have anticancer activity on liver cancer cell and thus could be used as a new candidate for liver cancer therapy agents.
Abstract. Stroke is a brain dysfunction characterized by focal or global neurological deficits, sudden onset and lasting more than 24 hours or causing death, without other causes other than impaired blood flow to the brain. ICH stroke is the most common stroke subtype that can lead to a critical condition resulting in severe disability or death. Hypertension is a significant risk factor for ICH stroke and occurs mainly in the hyperacute phase: at least 80% of ICH stroke patients experience increased blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of the hyperacute phase of blood pressure in patients with intracerebral bleeding stroke at Muhammadiyah Hospital Bandung for the period January 2018 - December 2020. Observational descriptive with cross-sectional design is the method used in this study, using medical record data of ICH stroke patients according to the criteria. Inclusion and exclusion. Results from 72 patients found that most of the patients were categorized as hypertensive emergencies as many as 35 (48.6%) for systolic blood pressure and 22 (30.5%) for diastolic blood pressure is normal. High blood pressure causes injury to the endothelium of intracerebral arteries so that the weak blood vessels then rupture spontaneously. Abstrak. Stroke merupakan disfungsi otak yang ditandai dengan adanya defisit neurologis fokal atau global, awitan mendadak dan berlangsung lebih dari 24 jam atau menyebabkan kematian, tanpa penyebab lain selain gangguan aliran darah pada otak. Subtipe stroke paling umum dan dapat menyebabkan kondisi kritis yang mengakibatkan kecacatan parah atau kematian adalah stroke PIS. Hipertensi merupakan faktor risiko utama stroke PIS dan terutama terjadi pada fase hiperakut. Pada fase hiperakut, setidaknya 80% pasien stroke PIS mengalami peningkatan tekanan darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran tekanan darah fase hiperakut pada pasien stroke perdarahan intraserebral di Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Bandung periode Januari 2018 – Desember 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional desain potong lintang pada data rekam medis pasien stroke PIS sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil dari 72 pasien, sebagian besar pasien termasuk kategori hipertensi emergensi sebanyak 35 (48,6%) untuk tekanan darah sistolik dan sebanyak 22 (30,56%) kategori normal untuk tekanan darah diastolik. Tekanan darah tinggi menyebabkan injuri pada endotelium arteri intraserebral, sehingga pembuluh darah yang lemah tersebut kemudian pecah secara spontan.
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