Swamedikasi merupakan upaya individu untuk mengobati penyakit atau gejala yang dikenali sendiri. Swamedikasi dapat menjadi permasalahan kesehatan akibat keterbatasan pengetahuan mengenai obat sehingga akan memengaruhi perilaku seseorang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pengetahuan dan perilaku swamedikasi oleh ibu-ibu di Kelurahan Tamansari Kota Bandung. Rancangan penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan metode cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 50 orang dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data melalui kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengetahuan responden tentang definisi swamedikasi (54%), penggolongan obat berdasar atas logo (64%), makna logo obat dibeli tanpa resep dokter (46%), makna logo obat bebas terbatas (52%), definisi aturan pakai obat 3x sehari (56%), interval waktu penggunaan obat (68%), perbedaan dosis obat dewasa dengan anak (88%), definisi efek samping obat (80%), menanggulangi efek samping (98%), definisi kontraindikasi obat (86%), definisi interaksi obat (62%), dan penyimpanan obat (86%). Prevalensi perilaku swamedikasi pada responden (60%), obat modern lebih mendominasi (64%), pemilihan obat modern untuk swamedikasi didasarkan atas keinginan sendiri (38%), warung kelontong sebagai tempat mendapatkan obat (48%), informasi swamedikasi diperoleh melalui media elektronik dan media cetak (36%), kebiasaan membaca kandungan obat (64%) dan tanggal kadaluarsa obat (86%), serta menyimpan obat di rak obat (50%). Simpulan penelitian ini, pengetahuan swamedikasi pada masyarakat secara umun cukup baik. Terdapat upaya untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan dengan melakukan swamedikasi.
AbstrakAir susu ibu (ASI) merupakan makanan terbaik bagi bayi. Menurut Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga tahun 2005, ASI eksklusif di perkotaan 4−12% dan pedesaan 4-5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak air buah pepaya muda (Carica papaya L.) terhadap gambaran histologi kelenjar mamma laktasi. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Farmakologi Klinik Unpad dan laboratorium Unit Penelitian Kesehatan RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin pada bulan Juli−September 2009. Penelitian merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium terhadap 21 ekor induk mencit laktasi galur Swiss Webster, diacak menjadi 3 kelompok (n=7) dengan jumlah anak 10 ekor/induk. Kelompok I merupakan kontrol negatif. Kelompok II diberikan luteotropin 6 mg/30 g BB/hari per oral (p.o.) dan kelompok III diberikan sediaan uji 20 mg/30 g BB/hari (p.o.). Peningkatan produksi air susu diketahui melalui peningkatan jumlah dan diameter rata-rata alveoli kelenjar mamma laktasi. Perlakuan diberikan pada hari ke-4 hingga ke-16 masa menyusui. Hasil dianalisis dengan uji analysis of variance (ANOVA), dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian terhadap jumlah alveoli kelompok I: 310,57±30,16; kelompok II: 464,42±25,83 dan kelompok III: 465,14±72,41. Diameter alveoli kelenjar mamma laktasi kelompok I, II, dan III berturut-turut sebesar 296,50±21,27 μ; 394,57±53,97 μ; dan 384,29±40,40 μ. Simpulan bahwa ekstrak air buah pepaya muda memberikan efek lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif dan sebanding dengan luteotropin dalam meningkatkan jumlah dan diameter alveoli rata-rata kelenjar mamma laktasi. [MKB. 2011;43(4):160-5].Kata kunci: Carica papaya L., histologi kelenjar mamma, produksi air susu Effect of Unripe Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Aqueous Extract on Histological Feature of Mice Lactating Mammary Glands AbstractBreast milk is the best food for infants. Household Health Survey in 2005 showed exclusive breastfeeding were 4-12% in urban and 4-5% in rural areas. Objective of the study was to examine the effect of unripe papaya aqueous extract (Carica papaya L.) on lactating mammary glands histological appearance. The experiment was held on July-September 2009 at Padjadjaran University Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory and Health Research Unit of Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital in July-September 2009. A laboratorium experimental study conducted to 21 lactating Swiss Webster mice with 10 babies each. They were divided randomly into 3 groups (n=7). Group I was negative control. Group II: luteotropin 6 mg/30 g BW/day (per oral) and group III: unripe papaya aqueous extract 20 mg/30 g BW/day (per oral). Increased milk production was measured by average lactating mammary glands alveolar amounts and diameter count. Experiment started at 4 th -16 th lactation day. The result was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. The average of alveolar amounts of group I, II and III, were 310.57±30.16, 464.42±25.83, and 465.14±72.41, respectively. The average lactating mamary glands alveolar diameter of group I: 296.50±21.27 μ, group II: 394.57±53.97...
Scabies is a skin disease that is still a problem with 200 million cases in 2015 in the world. Reducing the incidence of scabies, the understanding of scabies is essential since knowledge is a factor that will determine behaviour. This study aims to analyse the relationship between scabies and the level of knowledge of students in a religious boarding school. This study was a cross-sectional study with analysis using the Fisher Exact test. The incidence of scabies gathered through physical examination, and the diagnosis of scabies based on the cardinal sign such as diffuse itching presents along with either lesion in two regular spots or itchiness is present in another household member. The student's level of knowledge accessed using a questionnaire. Results showed that the incidence of scabies was quite high although most of the students have a good level of knowledge. The results show that not only knowledge but behaviour plays a vital role in one's hygiene. It concluded that there was no relationship between the level of knowledge and the incidence of scabies.
Bajakah wood contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins with anticancer activity. The discovery and development of new drugs require several stages. In the process, there are many possibilities of adding other substances to form new active substances or as solvents that allow drug preparations to be doubtful of halalness. Hence, it is necessary to analyze the critical point of halal ingredients. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the nanoparticles of bajakah wood (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) and to test the anticancer activity in several cancer cell cultures, as well as to analyze the critical point of halalness of the material. This research method is a composition test using chromatography and anticancer activity test using MTT. Analysis of the critical point of halal materials using hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP). The research was carried out at the Indonesian Engineering Nanotechnology Laboratory South Tangerang and the UGM Integrated Laboratory Sleman in July–December 2020. The results showed that bajakah wood nanoparticles contained pure water as a solvent, viscosity 0.08878 cP, scattering intensity 1.1059 cps, diameter 176.1+/−43.7 (nm). Cytotoxic test results showed IC50 against cell culture MCF7 1,063.28 (±114.98) g/mL, HepG2 53.34 (±0.35) g/mL, T47D 150.63 (±8.44) g/mL, WiDR 114.38 (±7.82) μg/mL, HTB 97.50 (±3.49) μg/mL, HeLa 182.95 (±36.22) μg/mL, and Vero 710.10 (±106.46) μg/mL. This study concludes that bajakah wood nanoparticles are not critical in terms of halal ingredients. At the same time, their anticancer activity is weak against breast cancer and uterine cervical cancer, medium categories against liver cancer and lung cancer, and is not toxic to normal cells. ANALISIS TITIK KRITIS KEHALALAN NANOPARTIKEL KAYU BAJAKAH (SPATHOLOBUS LITTORALIS HASSK.) SEBAGAI AGEN ANTIKANKERKayu bajakah mengandung senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin yang memiliki aktivitas antikanker. Penemuan dan pengembangan obat baru memerlukan beberapa tahapan. Dalam prosesnya terdapat banyak kemungkinan penambahan zat lain untuk membentuk zat aktif baru atau sebagai pelarut yang memungkinkan sediaan obat diragukan kehalalannya. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan analisis titik kritis kehalalan bahan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui karakteristik sediaan nanopartikel kayu bajakah (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) dan menguji aktivitas antikanker pada beberapa kultur sel kanker, serta menganalisis titik kritis kehalalan bahan. Metode penelitian ini adalah uji komposisi menggunakan kromatografi dan uji aktivitas antikanker menggunakan MTT. Analisis titik kritis kehalalan bahan menggunakan hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Nanovasi Rekayasa Indonesia Tangerang Selatan dan Laboratorium Terpadu UGM Sleman pada Juli–Desember 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sediaan nanopartikel kayu bajakah mengandung pelarut air murni, viskositas 0,08878 cP, scattering intensity 1,1059 cps, berdiameter 176,1+/−43,7 (nm). Hasil uji sitotoksik menunjukkan IC50 terhadap kultur sel MCF7 1.063,28 (±114,98) μg/mL, HepG2 53,34 (±0,35) μg/mL, T47D 150,63 (±8,44) μg/mL, WiDR 114,38 (±7,82) μg/mL, HTB 97,50 (±3,49) μg/mL, HeLa 182,95 (±36,22) μg/mL, dan Vero 710,10 (±106,46) μg/mL. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa nanopartikel kayu bajakah bersifat tidak kritis dalam kehalalan bahan. Selain itu, aktivitas antikankernya lemah terhadap kanker payudara dan kanker serviks uteri, sedang terhadap kanker hati dan kanker paru, serta tidak toksik pada sel normal.
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruit was proven scientifically in having medicinal effects: such as gastroprotective, laxative, galactagogues, and antibacterial effect. Unripe papaya fruit contains saponin, alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, and quinone which may reveal toxicities as adverse effect when it consumed in high dose. The aim of this study is to determine the acute toxicity degree of unripe Carica papaya L. fruit aqueous extract in mice using proposed new recommended method. The acute toxicity degree conducted by determination of lethal dose50 (LD50) using new recommended method to 12 female mice. The subjects were divided into three stages and each mouse was given different dose of the extract. LD50 calculated by mean of mortality lowest dose and non mortality highest dose then the result classified into the degree of acute toxicity. The study showed there was no mortality in all groups of the experimental subject. LD50 of unripe Carica papaya L. aqueous extract was found >5000 mg/kg BW and classified as Practically Non Toxic (PNT) substance.
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