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The foodservice industry is large and diverse, demanding an adequate system for classifying its many different types of operations. There are many different classification systems in use by industry and researchers. Although many of the current systems offer certain benefits, some do not provide the necessary framework for researchers and some do not provide realistic groupings for purposes of industry benchmarking. Furthermore, in many cases, classification systems are not compatible with one another. This article reviews some of the systems that are currently in use and argues for the need for a single common classification system. Finally, it proposes a new system, based on certain operational factors, which can be used by both industry and academics in the effort to provide consistency across academia and industry.

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This study, which was based on the General Learning Model, examined the effects of prosocial gaming on girls' thoughts about perceived justified and unjustified aggressive attitudes as operationalized by 4 scenarios. The process was mediated by participants' general perspective-taking and sympathy abilities, which relate to the cognitive and affective routes to learning. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the process. One hundred and forty-five girls between the ages of 7 and 15 completed the self-report online survey. Findings suggest that prosocial gaming is associated with greater perspective-taking and sympathizing abilities. These abilities positively correlated with thoughts about all types of violence as wrong whether or not "justified" and independent of severity. Error correlations suggest that younger girls' processing comprises an affective component that bypasses the cognitive or perspective-taking route. Findings also intimate that in the case of justified violence assessments, girls not only evaluated the aggressor's violent act but also assessed what precipitated the act thus suggesting more complex thought.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discover what corporate social responsibility (CSR) message themes are being communicated in selective pharmaceutical companies' mission and core values statements and their relevance to internal and external audiences.Design/methodology/approachA content analysis of five pharmaceutical companies mission and value statement web pages are analyzed. A panel developed a list of key words that are then analyzed and assigned to a level of Lerbinger's pyramid of CSR schema in order to determine if the web site is primarily communicating with internal or external stakeholders.FindingsKeywords communicating the organizations' mission focus on activities that support societal issues relevant to external stakeholders. Keywords communicating the organizations' values support minimizing social costs including employee safety and therefore are of more interest and importance to internal stakeholders. The analysis indicates that the content provided by these five pharmaceutical companies use message frames within specific sections of the web site to communicate with both internal and external stakeholders.Originality/valueThere has been much emphasis on the need for, and benefit of communicating an organization's CSR strategies to stakeholders. This paper evaluates what CSR initiatives are being communicated on pharmaceutical companies' web sites. The results show a strong propensity to communicate with both external and internal stakeholders indicating that some organizations are messaging to both groups.

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