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-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of insulin alone or in association with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on the fertility of postpartum beef cows subjected to synchronization. A total of 340 cows was subjected to fixed time artificial insemination. In the trial 1, the cows were subjected to temporary weaning (TW), while in the trial 2 the same protocol was tested without TW. The addition of an insulin injection to a progesterone/eCG-based protocol without TW increased the pregnancy rate of beef cows with body condition score (BCS) equal to or lower than 2.5. Insulin had no effect on cows submitted to TW or with BCS equal to or higher than 3.0.Index terms: Bos taurus, eCG, insulin, FTAI, weaning. Uso de insulina para aumento da fertilidade de vacas de corte pós-parto lactantes inseminadasResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar apenas o efeito da insulina ou dela em associação com gonadotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) na fertilidade de vacas em pós-parto submetidas à sincronização. Um total de 340 vacas foi submetido à inseminação artificial em tempo fixo. No experimento 1, as vacas foram submetidas ao desmame temporário (DT), enquanto no experimento 2, o mesmo protocolo foi testado sem DT. A adição de uma injeção de insulina a um protocolo baseado em progesterona/eCG sem DT aumentou a taxa de prenhez de vacas de corte com escore de condição corporal (ECC) igual ou menor que 2,5. A insulina não teve efeito em vacas submetidas a DT ou com ECC igual ou maior que 3,0.

The main objective of the present experiment was to assess the effect of temporary weaning on the onset of estrus, ovarian follicular activity and secretion of luteinizing hormone in Bos indicus cows. Forty six mature cows were divided into three groups 1) calves were weaned for 72 h allowing auditory, olfactory and visual contact with their dams (VISUAL, n = 17), 2) calves without contact with their dams for 72 h (NC, n = 17) and 3) calves not weaned and in constant contact with their dams (CTRL, n = 12). Estrus was synchronized in all cows using CIDR for 9 days plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate given at CIDR insertion. The VISUAL group had a greater (P < 0.05) proportion of cows in estrus (76.5%) compared to the CTRL group (16.7%), but no differences were found when compared to the NC group (58.8%). The VISUAL group had a greater proportion of animal that ovulated (76.5%) compared to CTRL (33.3%) and NC groups (64.7%; P = 0.059). Duration of estrus was shorter (P = 0.04) in the VISUAL (8.4 ± 4.4 hours) than in the NC (12.9 ± 13.4 hours) however, CTRL treatment (11 ± 1.4 hours) was not different from either of these two groups. LH concentration after implant removal was similar among treatments and started to increase at 36 h post CIDR removal. Only in the CTRL group was there an obvious increase by 54 h after implant removal. Follicular size increased in diameter from 36 h and were evident in treatments and control groups by 60 h (P < 0.05). The VISUAL treatment increased the number of cows ovulating and shortened the length of estrus. VISUAL and NC groups showed a similar response in follicular growth and pattern of circulating LH because of treatment.

Avaliou-se o efeito de adsorventes de micotoxinas a base de glucomananos esterificados Mycosorb® sobre a taxa de hematócrito, relação heterófilos/linfócitos circulantes e peso vivo em frangos de corte Ross fêmeas alimentados com dietas contaminadas ou não com aflatoxina. Aos 37, 44 e 51 dias de idade foram coletadas amostras de sangue para realizar o hematócrito e a contagem de leucócitos total e diferencial. Na contagem leucocitária diferencial são apresentados apenas os linfócitos e heterófilos em função do objetivo do trabalho, calculando-se a proporção de cada tipo em cem células contadas. A relação heterófilos/linfócitos foi calculada dividindo-se a taxa de heterófilos pela taxa de linfócitos. Os tratamentos com sete repetições de 28 aves cada, totalizando 784 aves, foram assim constituídos: T1= Dieta com milho não contaminado (controle), T2= Dieta com milho contaminado (aflatoxina 1 ppm) sem adsorventes, T3= Dieta com milho contaminado (aflatoxina 1 ppm) + 1,0 kg/t adsorvente Mycosorb®, T4= Dieta com milho não contaminado + 1,0 kg/t adsorvente Mycosorb®. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias de cada tratamento comparadas através do teste de Duncan. Aves alimentadas com milho contaminado e sem adsorvente de micotoxinas (T2) apresentaram, numericamente, em todas as idades, a maior taxa de hematócrito. No entanto, diferenças significativas (p

This study was developed to evaluate the clinical, hematological, and performance parameters of calves affected by diarrhea caused by the bacterial enteric pathogen Escherichia coli, treated with three different protocols containing sulfonamides. Fourteen Holstein calves were monitored from birth to 60 days of age, and divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n=5) animals were treated with 80 g of Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brazil, administered orally (BM), dissolved in 160 ml of water every 24 h; Group 2 (n=4) received IM sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil), and Group 3 (n=5) animals were treated with 80 g of Kaopek®, Ibasa, Brazil, which is made up of 16 g of phthalylsulfathiazole, associated with 2.28 g neomycin sulfate, 1.6 g of pectin, and 80 g of kaolin, dissolved in 160 ml of water and administered every 24 h by mouth, in addition to sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil), at a daily dose of 16 mg/kg live weight, through IM injection. During the study, the animals were clinically evaluated, and once they were diagnosed with diarrhea, feces samples were collected to identify the bacterial enteric pathogen, antibiogram, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and coproparasitological exams. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the hematological profile, and the performance profile was monitored weekly. In the clinical examination, all calves presented a reduction in body temperature (<39.2°C) and some improvement in hydration after treatment (p=0,31). However, group 2 had a better concentration of lymphocytes and TP concerning the other animals, as well as better performance. Besides, E.coli was detected in 100% of feces samples. Thus, the therapeutic protocols with sulfonamides used to treat bovine neonatal diarrhea were effective in the clinical improvement of the animals. Nonetheless, the protocol with systemic therapy using sulfadiazine and trimethoprim (Ibatrim®, Ibasa, Brazil) intramuscularly, provided better performance, with better weight gain, and body development of the animals.

Background: Low reproductive efficiency has been one of the main factors that lead to dairy herd culling in the reproductive age. In multiparous animals, such inefficiency and culling can occur because of various factors and may be associated with occasional endocrine failures. To avoid revenue losses that incur due to lack of lactation, lactation is artificially induced in the animals that are not pregnant, using a defined protocol. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate and compare the reproductive performance of heifers submitted to the induction protocol with that of pregnant heifers during the transition period. Materials, Methods & Results:Sixty Holstein heifers, 32 ± 0.6 months of age, were divided into two groups: Control Group (Control, n = 30) comprising pregnant heifers that were accompanied since 21 days before the expected calving date until 224 days in milk (DIM) and an Induction Group (Induction, n = 30) comprising non-pregnant heifers submitted to a lactation induction protocol, accompanied from the beginning of the protocol until 224 DIM. For evaluation of the endocrine profile (progesterone and estradiol concentrations) of these animals, blood samples were collected at two periods: the pre-lactation (weeks -3, -2 and -1) and post-lactation (weeks 1 and 4). Heifers from both groups were submitted to weekly reproductive evaluations, from the beginning of lactation until 35 DIM. Uterine examinations were performed using ultrasonography and vaginoscopy to evaluate uterine content, cervical opening, and mucosal aspect. Females in good reproductive health were subjected to a hormonal protocol for timed artificial insemination (TAI). The pregnancy rate of heifers that could reproduce (Control, n = 13, and Induction, n = 20) were evaluated and inseminated until 49 DIM. Progesterone levels were similar (P > 0.05) in the two groups at both pre-and post-start of lactation. Estradiol concentrations were different (P < 0.01) among groups only in the pre-lactation period. Higher levels of progesterone (P = 0.06) were observed in the induced heifers (Induction Group = 1.07 ± 0.23 ng/mL and Control Group = 0.38 ± 0.28 ng/mL). Therefore, in the fourth week, induced heifers exhibited higher luteinic activity, the progesterone concentration was above 1 ng/mL in 42% of the animals, while just 12.5% of the Control heifers had it. The overall pregnancy rate was 47.75%. The pregnancy rate recorded for induced heifers and Control heifers was 40% and 55.55%, respectively. Discussion: Progesterone and estradiol evaluations were performed in the first week after the beginning of the lactation to evaluate the metabolism and physiological concentration of the hormones used during the protocol. The measurements were again performed in the fourth week to evaluate the return to cyclicity of the heifers in both groups. The high serum concentrations of estradiol attained during the induction, in the pre-lactation period, may have possible interfered with the uterine environment and follicular population of these anima...

Corrêa (2017) Relationship between prepartum body condition score changes, acute phase proteins and energy metabolism markers during the peripartum period in dairy cows,

Os organismos geneticamente modificados (OGMs) são manipulados de modo a favorecer características desejadas pelo homem, sofrendo alterações no genoma realizadas através da tecnologia do DNA recombinante ou engenharia genética. Estas técnicas, referentes à biotecno-logia, vêm apresentando um desenvolvimento rápido, o que tem contribuído para a obtenção de novos produtos, antes considerados impossíveis. Os avanços obtidos no campo da biotecnologia são significativos, incluindo a área médica, plantas modificadas através da bioengenharia e a aplicação da biologia molecular. Mundialmente, pesquisas estão sendo desenvolvidas para avaliar os efeitos dos organismos geneticamente modificados no que diz respeito ao cultivo, produtividade, impacto ambiental, consumo humano e animal. Desta forma, esta revisão tem como objetivos apresentar uma visão geral dos OGMs, alguns dos principais alimentos geneticamente modificados de origem animal e vegetal, bem como a sua aplicação na alimentação.