The objective was to evaluate the chemical and fermentative characteristics of moist grape pomace, treated with additives and ensiled for different times. Samples of wet grape pomace were treated by addition of urea (5 and 10 g/kg of NM) or with enzymatic‐bacterial additive (0.2 and 0.4 g/kg NM). Samples were analyzed for pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, buffer capacity, and chemical composition. For CP, an increasing linear behavior was observed with values between 111.3 and 131.6 g/kg of DM, on Days 0 and 96. The NFC and pH had the lowest values shortly after silo closing, indicating intensification of fermentation. The addition of urea promoted an increase in CP contents, reduction in TCHO and NFC contents, and elevation of IVDMD and N‐NH3 contents. Wet grape pomace exhibits favorable characteristics for feeding ruminants, with silage being a good alternative for its storage. Practical applications Grape pomace is a fibrous food with satisfactory quantities of residual sugars, it meets the desirable characteristics for conservation in the form of silage for later use in animal feed, mainly ruminant herbivores. The silages showed good quality fermentative and chemicals as an increasing linear behavior of crude protein. Wet grape residue exhibits favorable characteristics for feeding ruminants, with silage being a good alternative for its storage can improve this food, especially with respect to the quality of the fibers.

*Autor para correspondência RESUMO. Além da crescente demanda por leite e derivados, recentemente a população tem dado maior importância a temas como sustentabilidade e bem estar animal. Sendo assim, os produtores estão se adequando às exigências do mercado consumidor através de sistemas para produzir de forma sustentável e com qualidade de vida aos animais, além de serem eficientes economicamente. O sistema silvipastoril permite combinar atividades silviculturais e pecuárias, e assim aumentar a eficiência produtiva. Dentre os principais benefícios deste sistema produtivo estão a conservação do solo e dos recursos hídricos, a promoção do sequestro de carbono e o aumento da biodiversidade. Além destes, os animais criados neste sistema possuem menor risco de estresse térmico, devido à sombra advinda da arborização, favorecendo o bem estar animal. Portanto, o sistema silvipastoril representa uma alternativa adequada à produção de bovinos leiteiros, uma vez que vacas em lactação necessitam de condições climáticas ideais para expressarem seu potencial genético, resultando em alto desempenho produtivo. Contudo, este estudo objetiva obter uma melhor compreensão sobre a criação de bovinos leiteiros em sistema silvipastoril e sobre a influência em seu bem estar.Palavras chave: Arborização, bovinocultura de leite, sistema de produção, sombra Welfare of dairy cattle in silvipastoral systemABSTRACT. In addition to the growing demand for dairy products, recently the population has given greater importance to issues such as sustainability and animal welfare. Thus, producers are adapting to the demands of the consumer market through systems to produce sustainably and quality of life for animals, besides being economically efficient. The silvipastoral system allows combining forestry and livestock activities, and so increasing production efficiency. Among the main benefits of this production system are soil conservation and water resources, the promotion of carbon sequestration and increased biodiversity. In addition, animals raised in this system have a lower risk of thermal stress due to shadow arising from afforestation, favoring animal welfare. Therefore, the silvipastoral system represents a suitable alternative to the production of dairy cattle, once lactating cows need ideal climatic conditions to express their genetic potential, resulting in high production performance. In this way, this study aims to gain a better understanding on the establishment of dairy cattle in silvipastoral system and the influence on their welfare.

Grape pomace is a by-product that can be ensiled and added to animal feed for a sustainable animal production. This study evaluated the effects of grape pomace silage (GPS) on the intake, performance, and carcass and meat quality of feedlot lambs. Twenty-four male lambs (21.5 ± 3.0 kg initial body weight) were distributed into pairs to four diets levels 0, 10, 20, and 30 % of GPS. The addition of grape pomace silage influenced only ether extract (EE) intake linearly without hindering consumption. The diet did not affect performance and meat quality attributes and carcass parameters, with average daily gain (ADG) of 0.235 kg d -1 , feed conversion 4.299, carcass conformation 2.7, compactness index 0.25 kg cm -1 , fat thickness 1.51 mm, loin eye area 13.9 cm 2 , pH 5.79, natural matter moisture 74.05 g 100 g -1 , and crude protein (CP) 19.94 g per 100 g -1 of dry matter (DM). Grape pomace as could be used as silage in lamb diets with up to 30 % GPS, as the chemical composition of this by-product and the results indicate that GPS did not compromise performance, carcass traits, and meat quality.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of silages containing 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% triticale replacing sorghum silage feed for beef cattle. It was carried out fractionation of carbohydrates and proteins, and the parameters of ruminal degradation kinetics estimated by semiautomatic in vitro method of cumulative gas production of the silages. The experimental design completely randomized with five treatments and four replicates. Sorghum silage has less non-fibrous carbohydrates, and its substitution may explain the linear increase in the composition of fractions A and B1. In general, the proportions of fractions "A" and "B1 + B2" demonstrated that as sorghum replaced by triticale, the abundance of high availability proteins increased, as did the abundance of rapidly degradable proteins in the rumen. The final volume of gases produced by the fermentation of non-fibrous carbohydrates presented a negative linear relationship with increased triticale silage (P = 0.0001), while the degradation rates presented a positive linear relationship (P = 0.0001). Thus, there was rapid release of energy and nitrogen, which may meet the needs of microorganisms. Therefore, triticale silage can be substituted for sorghum silage in cattle feed as an excellent source of protein and energy without altering nutritional parameters.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo realizar uma comparação do poder de predição de diferentes equações do consumo de matéria seca de vacas leiteiras. O trabalho foi conduzido por meio de pesquisas na literatura coletando informações sobre massa corporal, produção de leite, dias de lactação, consumo de matéria seca e teor de gordura no leite de vacas leiteiras criadas no Brasil. Todas essas informações, menos o consumo de matéria seca observado, foram utilizadas para calcular o consumo de matéria seca predito com as equações dos modelos: National Research Council (NRC, 2001), Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS, 2004), Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC, 1993) e De Freitas et al. (2006). Posteriormente, as estimativas das equações foram usadas para avaliar o poder de predição dos modelos por meio da comparação gráfica dos seus resíduos padronizados conforme Draper & Smith (1966) e Montgomery (2005) e do critério de Akaike (AKAIKE, 1974). Para os dados analisados neste estudo, o NRC (2001) foi considerado como melhor escolha por apresentar o ERr = 1. Os demais, apresentaram ERr maior do que 20 e, portanto, não foram adequados para a predição do CMS. O modelo AFRC (1993) apresentou tendência a subestimar os valores preditos com 76% dos pontos acima da linha de nulidade.

Nos ambientes educacionais, a tecnologia também se faz presente como recurso facilitador do ensino-aprendizagem. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar, por meio de um estudo bibliográfico, as estratégias de aprendizagem com o uso das tecnologias no Ensino Superior. A pesquisa foi realizada entre junho de 2017 a abril de 2018, estruturada a partir de bibliografias existentes sobre ferramentas e recursos tecnológicos, estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem e aprendizagem no Ensino Superior. A abordagem para realização desta pesquisa é a indireta, que consiste no levantamento de referências bibliográficas encontradas por meio de artigos e livros publicados em meios eletrônicos e impressos, que se referem a este tema para análise e discussão do problema. E a finalidade desta pesquisa é descritiva por caracterizar a influência da tecnologia no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Conclui-se que as tecnologias possuem participação significativa no ambiente educacional e favorecem o ensino-aprendizagem. No entanto, percebe-se que há necessidade de as Instituições de Ensino Superior disponibilizarem aos docentes os recursos tecnológicos para serem utilizados em sala de aula. Além disso, cabe também ao docente buscar o aperfeiçoamento na sua prática pedagógica de maneira a inserir, cada vez mais, as ferramentas tecnológicas no ensino-aprendizagem, para assim melhorar a interação com os estudantes atuais e favorecer a melhoria do aprendizado com o uso modelado da tecnologia em sala de aula. Palavras-chave: Ensino-Aprendizagem. Estratégias. Tecnologia. Estratégias. Recursos Tecnológicos. AbstractIn educational environments, technology is also present as facilitating teaching-learning resources. The objective of the present study is to analyze through a bibliographic study the learning strategies with the use of technologies in higher education. The research was carried out between june 2017 and april 2018, structured from existing bibliographies on tools and technological resources, teaching-learning strategies and learning in higher education. The approach for conducting this research is the indirect one, which consists of the collection of bibliographical references found through articles and books published in electronic and printed media, which refer to this topic for analysis and discussion of the problem. In addition, the purpose of this research is descriptive because it characterizes the influence of technology in the teaching-learning process. It is concluded that technologies have a significant participation in the educational environment and favor teaching learning. However, it was perceived that there is a need for higher education institutions to provide teachers with the technological resources to be used in the classroom. In addition, it is also up to the teacher to seek improvement in their pedagogical practice in order to insert more and more the technological tools in teaching learning, in order to improve the interaction with the current students and to favor the improvement of the learning with the modeled use of technology in the classroom. Keywords: Technology. Strategies. Teaching Learning. Technology Resources.

This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance, nutrient intake, and ingestive behavior of lambs fed high-moisture triticale grain (HMTG) ensiled with different additives. Twenty-four intact male lambs with an initial body weight (BW) of 20.05 ± 2.88 kg were assigned to one of four dietary treatments: silage of HMTG, without additive; silage of HMTG ensiled with enzyme–bacterial additive; silage of HMTG ensiled with 0.5% urea; and silage of HMTG ensiled with 1.5% sodium benzoate. No difference (P > 0.05) was seen in the performance (with an average daily weight gain of 210 g d−1), nutrient intake, or ingestive behavior of the lambs. There was a significant difference in the intake of ether extract according to the additive used in the silage. The highest intake (in relation to metabolic BW) was found for HMTG ensiled with enzyme–bacterial additive: 1.49 g kg−1 BW0.75. The silage of HMTG can be used as a single source of concentrate, aiming at moderate weight gains for feedlot lambs, thus providing an alternative for the conservation of nutritional quality of ensiling without causing changes in the performance of the animals.

Os sistemas agroflorestais são adotados como forma de atender à produção sustentável. Este sistema de produção apresenta uma perspectiva de promoção do bem-estar único (One Welfare – OW). Com o objetivo de visualizar características e tendências para atender às premissas de OW em sistemas agroflorestais e desenvolver uma estrutura conceitual, foi realizada uma análise bibliométrica na literatura científica. Os dados foram extraídos da Web of Science (WoS) por meio da seleção de campos de pesquisa específicos para sistemas agroflorestais. Como resultado, 2.479 artigos foram encontrados e analisados no software VOSviewer, e um mapa bibliométrico foi produzido. Os principais clusters e interconexões foram descritos e discutidos. Os 2.479 artigos abrangeram a maioria das áreas de pesquisa, como agricultura, silvicultura, ecologia de ciências ambientais, ciências ambientais e vegetais, tecnologia; ou seja, artigos que integraram agrossilvicultura, produção animal, solo-planta e serviços ambientais; e, em menor número de publicações, biomedicina, ciências da vida, geografia física e farmacologia. Quatro grandes clusters foram formados por meio de interconexões: "crescimento e produtividade de plantas em sistemas agroflorestais", "biodiversidade, gestão e serviços ecossistêmicos", "dinâmica do carbono, biomassa e nitrogênio no solo" e "potencial da agrofloresta para segurança alimentar, mudanças climáticas, uso do solo e a sustentabilidade”. Nossos resultados demonstraram que há um crescimento de artigos sobre sistemas agroflorestais, mas poucas pesquisas que abordaram diretamente o OW nesses sistemas. Há um grande potencial de progresso no tema abordado, dadas as interconexões formadas.   Palavras-chave: Bem-estar. Clusters. Integração. Sustentabilidade.   Abstract Agroforestry systems adopted as a way to meet the sustainable production. This production system presents a perspective for the promotion of One Welfare (OW). In order to visualize characteristics and trends to meet the premises of OW in agroforestry systems and develop a conceptual structure, a bibliometric analysis was carried out in the scientific literature. The data were extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) through the selection of specific research fields for agroforestry systems. As a result, 2.479 articles were found and analyzed using the VOSviewer software, and a bibliometric map was produced. The main clusters and interconnections have been described and discussed. The 2.479 articles covered most areas of research, such as agriculture, forestry, ecology of environmental sciences, environmental and plant sciences, technology; that is, articles that integrated agroforestry-animal production, soil-plant and environmental services; and, in a smaller number of publications, biomedicine, life sciences, physical geography and pharmacology. Four large clusters were formed through interconnections: "plant growth and productivity in agroforestry systems", "biodiversity, management and ecosystem services", "carbon dynamics, biomass and nitrogen in the soil" and "agroforestry potential for food security, climate change, land use and sustainability”. Our results have shown that there a growth in articles on agroforestry systems, but little research that directly addressed OW in these systems. There is great potential for progress in the topic addressed given the interconnections formed.   Keywords: Welfare, Clusters, Integration, Sustainability.