INTRODUÇÃO: A hipertensão arterial é uma patologia que acomete mais de 25% da população mundial acarretando má qualidade de vida e taxa de mortalidade elevada. A alimentação saudável é um dos fatores primordiais no tratamento desta patologia, diminuindo os agravos em saúde. Estudos mostram que adotar a dieta DASH como padrão alimentar reduz a pressão arterial, tornando esta dieta uma boa alternativa tanto no tratamento quanto na prevenção da hipertensão arterial. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir informações e levantar dados sobre a dieta DASH no tratamento da hipertensão arterial. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, desenvolvida através de pesquisas em materiais elaborados nos últimos 12 anos. RESULTADOS: Entre os resultados observados a dieta DASH tem uma influência considerável no tratamento da hipertensão arterial em indivíduos hipertensos, bem como foram encontrados resultados positivos em indivíduos normotensos que aderiram a este tipo de dieta.
Introduction: Constipation is a common complication in critically ill patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU) due to some triggering factors such as: bed limitation, use of sedatives and opioids, vasoactive drugs, inflammatory mediators, etc. to a worse prognosis. Methods: A quantitative and descriptive study was conducted on adults of both genders hospitalized in the ICU of a university hospital from March to December 2018. Variables were collected from evaluation and nutritional monitoring forms, including: gender, age, length of ICU hospitalization, date of discharge or death. The presence of intestinal constipation (absence of bowel movements> three days) was evaluated. After collection, the data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel software spreadsheets and later analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13.0, and the chi-square test was used for statistical difference (p <0.05 to accept the alternative hypothesis). Results: The sample consisted of 116 patients, 46.6% men and 53.4% women, with a mean age of 45 (IR 31-53) years. The occurrence of constipation averaged 47% (target <20%). Regarding the outcome, the group of patients with constipation had higher lethality (27.5% versus 14.5%), but was not statistically confirmed (p> 0.05). Most patients had low nutritional risk (61.5%), however, those with high nutritional risk (38.5%) had a greater tendency to constipation, but this relationship was not statistically confirmed (p> 0.05). Conclusion: A high frequency of constipation was found in critically ill patients. Constipation appears to be associated with a worse prognosis in critically ill patients and is essential to identify and treat. Given this result, it is necessary to create protocols and action plans for the prevention and treatment of this disorder in intensive care units.
Reconhece-se que crianças com desnutrição na admissão hospitalar são mais vulneráveis ao agravamento de morbidades, aumento do tempo de hospitalização, bem como, comprometimento do quadro clínico e desfecho terapêutico. Com isso, este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a associação do estado nutricional com o quadro clínico e desfecho terapêutico de pacientes internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica (UTIP). Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal (no que se remete a antropometria e desfecho terapêutico), e prospectivo (no que se remete as variáveis clínicas e tempo de adequação da cota calórica e proteica), do tipo descritivo e documental, utilizando abordagem quantitativa, baseando-se no uso de informações contidas em prontuários, no período de maio a setembro de 2017, mediante aprovação no comitê de ética. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o software Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) na versão 21.0 adotando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: O estado nutricional admissional da amostra segundo o escore Z mostrou o percentual de 41,8% de déficit nutricional. Houve maior uso de drogas vasoativas, assim como houve uma maior frequência de óbito entre os desnutridos segundo os indicadores Peso/Idade. Verificou-se também que não houve diferença significativa de tempo de internação maior ou menor que 7 dias entre pacientes com déficit e sem déficit no momento da admissão na UTIP, segundo todos os indicadores utilizados. Foi constatado que as crianças que não apresentavam doenças respiratórias tiveram menor presença de déficit nutricional, pelo parâmetro IMC/idade. Conclusão: Destacamos a importância de determinar o estado nutricional admissional em todas as crianças internadas na UTIP. Crianças malnutridas devem ser identificadas na admissão a fim de atingir melhores estratégias nutricionais individuais para melhor progressão do estado clinico e desfecho terapeutico.
Introduction: There is a strong relationship between malnutrition and increased length of hospitalization and morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that malnourished patients can have up to twenty times more complications than eutrophic ones. In critically ill patients, there is a tendency to catabolism, resulting in the loss of lean body mass, which when it reaches 40% is usually lethal. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive study was conducted on adults from both genders, admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital, from March to December 2018. The following variables were collected from the evaluation and nutritional records: length of hospitalization in the ICU, date of discharge or death, nutritional risk through specific screening, height, weight and arm circumference (AC). For the screening, the Nutric score was used. For the nutritional evaluation, the body mass index (BMI) and AC indicators and the classifications recommended by the World Health Organization (2004) and Blackburn and Thornton (1979) were used. After collecting the data, they were analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 13.0 and for the association of the variables the Chi-square test was used, considering statistical difference when the p value <0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 116 patients, mostly female (53.4%) whose median age was 46 years (interquartile range IQR 31-53). Regarding the frequency of nutritional risk, most patients (61.5%) had a low score. There was an important frequency of malnutrition, according to the AC indicator (73%), although BMI (43.5%) showed eutrophy. Even though most patients had low nutritional risk, those with high nutritional risk (38.5%) had a higher tendency to mortality, however, not statistically confirmed (p> 0.05). There was also a tendency of association between death and malnutrition, although no statistical significance was shown(p> 0.05). Conclusion: Patients at nutritional risk and/or malnutrition appear to be vulnerable to worse clinical outcomes.
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