Pyrethroid insecticides are widely recommended to control insect defoliators but lack efficacy against most aphid species. Thus, conserving aphid predators such as the lady beetle Eriopis connexa (Germar) is important to pest management in crop ecosystems that require pyrethroid sprays. In a greenhouse, early fourth-instar larvae and 5-day-old adults from susceptible (S) and resistant (R) E. connexa populations were caged on lambda-cyhalothrin-treated cotton plants, after which survival and egg production (for those caged at adult stage) were assessed. In the laboratory, similar groups were subjected to dried residues and topical treatment with one of eight pyrethroids (alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, permethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin), the organophosphate methidathion, or water and wetting agent. After caging on treated cotton terminals, 66% of the R-population larvae survived to adulthood, compared with 2% of those from the S-population. At 12 d after caging at adult stage under the same conditions, 64% of the females from the R-population survived and laid eggs, compared with 100% mortality and no oviposition for the S-females. In trials involving dried insecticide residues, gain in survival based on the survival difference (percentage for R-population minus percentage for S-population) across all tested pyrethroids varied from 3 to 63% for larvae and from 3 to 70% for adults. In trials involving topical sprays of the tested pyrethroids, survival differences ranged from 36 to 96% for larvae and from 21 to 82% for adults. Fenpropathrin and bifenthrin were the least and most toxic, respectively.

Neosilba spp. is firstly reported in physic nut fruits (Jatropha curcas), in Rio Largo, State of Alagoas, Brazil. A total of 438 specimens were found on 1,000 fruits between May and July 2010. Five species were recorded in the State of Alagoas: Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal 1982, Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann, 1830), Neosilba certa (Walker, 1850), Neosilba pendula (Bezzi) and Neosilba bella Strikis & Prado 2008. This is the first record of J. curcas as host plant of Neosilba in Brazil.

RESUMO.Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o efeito do grupo genético sobre o desenvolvimento e zoometria de caprinos leiteiros jovens. O estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Coité do Nóia, AL, mensurando-se 166 cabritos Saanen, Toggenburg, Alpina Americana, Parda Alpina, Murciana e Mestiços. A partir do desmame (60 dias), e a cada 21 dias, até 144 dias de idade, foram realizadas as pesagens dos animais e as seguintes medidas zoométricas: comprimento corporal, perímetro torácico, altura da cernelha, altura da garupa, largura de peito, largura de garupa, comprimento de garupa e perímetro escrotal. Os resultados foram avaliados por analises de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. O efeito da idade sobre a zoometria foi avaliado por análise de regressão. Não houve efeito (P > 0,05) para a interação entre grupo genético e idade. Em relação à influência do grupo genético sobre a zoometria, houve diferença, onde os grupos Parda Alpina e mestiços apresentaram médias superiores (P < 0,01) aos demais grupos avaliados para comprimento corporal (51,6 cm, 50,6 cm), altura de garupa (52,7 cm, 52,5 cm), largura de garupa (10,0 cm, 10,1 cm) e perímetro escrotal (12,7 cm; 13,3 cm). Para o gênero, as fêmeas apresentaram média superior aos machos apenas para comprimento corporal (49,7 cm). O grupo genético, o gênero e a idade são fatores que influenciam o desenvolvimento e a zoometria de caprinos leiteiros jovens. Palavras chave: Caprinocultura, condições áridas, grupos exóticos, medidas biométricas Development and zoometry of young dairy goats from different genetic groupsABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the genetic group on the development and zoometry of young dairy goats. The study was developed in the municipality of Coité do Nóia, AL. It was used measuring 166 goats kids Saanen, Toggenburg, Alpina Americana, Parda Alpina, Murciana and mixed breed animals (NDRP). After weaning (60 days), and every 21 days, up to 144 days of age, the animals were weighed and the following zoometric measures: body length, thoracic perimeter, height of the withers, height of the rump, breast width, croup width, croup length and scrotal perimeter. The results were evaluated through the analysis of variance and the mean was tested by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The effect of age on the zoommetry was evaluated by regression analysis. There was no effect (P > 0.05) on the interaction between genetic group and age. In relation to the influence of the genetic group on the zoometry, there was a difference, in which the groups Parda Alpina and NDRP presented higher

<p><strong> </strong>Larvas de <em>Cryptolaemus montrouzieri</em> (Mulsant), foram coletadas em área urbana de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, alimentando-se de cochonilhas rosadas. Esse passa a ser o primeiro registro desse predador em área urbana no Nordeste do Brasil.</p>

 RESUMODiversos fatores predisponentes são descritos para as afecções mamárias ou distúrbios secundários que comprometem a qualidade e produtividade de leite de fêmeas nas diferentes espécies. As características fenotípicas do úbere são consideradas na avaliação econômica de uma fêmea caprina, tanto pelo potencial de produção como pelo registro genealógico dessa fêmea. A limitação de estudos correlacionando essas características com a saúde do úbere gera a dúvida a respeito do significado da conformação do mesmo à saúde e produtividade da glândula mamária. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo relacionar os parâmetros da conformação do úbere com a celularidade da glândula mamária aferida pelo teste California Mastitis Test (CMT) e contagem de células somáticas (CCS) em 80 cabras da raça Saanen sem alterações no exame clínico da glândula mamária nem no teste de Tamis. Observou-se que a maioria dos parâmetros fenotípicos de úbere não influenciou a CCS, sendo considerados puramente estéticos. A circunferência e profundidade de úbere demonstraram correlação negativa com a celularidade e, por serem características de herdabilidade moderada a alta, podem ser parâmetros considerados para seleção genética de caprinos.Palavras-chave: cabra, contagem de células somáticas, qualidade do leite, glândula mamária ABSTRACT Several predisposing factors are described for mammary diseases or secondary disorders that compromise the quality and productivity of milk from females in different species

-The objective of this work was to assess the effects of the release and establishment of the exotic parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its interspecific competitive relationship with native fruit fly parasitoids in organic and conventional orchards in Maceio, State of Alagoas, Brazil. The exotic parasitoids were reared in the Radio-Entomology Laboratory of the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, and released (112,350 individuals between five and eight days old) in orchards from June 8 to July12, 2013.Fruit samples were collected randomly every week during one year to assess the D. longicaudata recaptured from plants and fallen fruits on the ground, which were taken to the Entomology Laboratory of the CECA-UFAL, classified and individually placed in plastic containers, containing a layer of 1 cm of sand for pupation of the host larvae. The pupae, obtained after 10 days, were placed in Petri dishes with a layer of sand until the emergence of adults, which were then kept in plastic microtubes, containing ethanol 70%. The release of exotic parasitoids did not displace native species. The same species were found before and after the release in both cultures: Doryctobracon areolatus, Asobara anastrephae, Utetes anastrephae and Opius bellus (Braconidae), Aganaspis pelleranoi (Figitidae) and individuals of the Pteromalidae family. One year after the last release, 44 individuals of the exotic parasitoid were found, showing its establishment in the studied areas.Keywords: Biological control. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. Tephritidae. COMPETIÇÃO INTERESPECÍFICA ENTRE PARASITOIDES NATIVOS E EXÓTICO DE MOSCAS-DAS-FRUTAS EM POMARES DIVERSIFICADOS EM MACEIÓ-AL

A population of the predatory lady beetle Eriopis connexa (Germar) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was recorded as resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin. Adults exposed to this insecticide have recovered from knockdown after 72 h. Thus, the performance of resistant (R) and susceptible (S) populations of E. connexa not exposed to insecticide (R0 and S0) and R adults recovering from knockdown 24, 48, and 72 h after exposure (R24, R48, and R72) was studied. In addition, the fertility life table parameters were calculated for one generation considering the progenies from R0, S0, and R24 populations. The recovery rate from knockdown was 69.4% for R-adults, and greater recovery rate was observed within 48 h following lambda-cyhalothrin exposure. The S-females produced about 50% more eggs and lived longer, when compared with R-females irrespective of the recovery periods after knockdown. The R-females produced similar number of eggs and exhibited similar longevity across all treatments (R0, R24, R48, and R72). Progenies produced by R- and S-populations did not exhibit consistent differences in development and survival. The fertility life table parameters showed higher intrinsic rate of population growth (r) and lower mean generation time (T) for R0- and R24-females, when compared with those for S0-females. Thus, the time interval needed to recover from knockdown is not related to the adaptive cost of resistance in E. connexa.

Predator species under field conditions can face different and variable densities of prey species. This work evaluated the functional response of the neotropical lady beetle Eriopis connexa(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) subjected to different densities of the aphids Brevicoryne brassicaeand Aphis craccivora(Hemiptera: Aphididae). Thus, predation rates were analyzed of fourth-instar larvae and one-day old adults of the lady beetle preying upon the aphids at constant densities of 20, 40, 50, 60, and 70 aphids with 15 repetitions per density. The aphids were offered on 5 cm leaf discs of each plant host. The handling times and attack rates were 0.03 h-1and 0.27 h-1for larvae and 0.03 h-1and 0.15 h-1for adults fed B. brassicae and 0.59 h-1and 0.35 h-1for larvae and 0.70 h-1and 0.95 h-1for adults fed A. craccivora, respectively. Both larva and adult lady beetles increasedpredation rate as a function of prey density offered, with an estimated maximum number of prey consumed of 30.3 and 31.6 B. brassicae and 36.3 and 34.6 of A. craccivora by larva and adult lady beetles at the highest prey density, respectively. In conclusion, larvae and adults of E. connexaexhibited a type II functional response.