Organic plant extracts and emulsified oil of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) (neem) were studied to evaluate its effects in control of engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) in the laboratory. Hexane and alcoholic organic extracts, 2% (weight/volume) were used in tests of immersion for 5 minutes, prepared with seeds, solubilized in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to 1%. The experiment was entirely randomized, consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates, each represented by 5 ticks. Control groups consisted of untreated females. Based on the results of this work, we can indicate that the seed extract (hexanic fraction) and óleo emulsionável I¹ concentration to 2% have significant adjuvant potential to control the cattle tick, because, cause the mortality in the first days after the treatment and interfere in the reproduction, showing to be an alternative to acaricides normally used.

BACKGROUND The cashew stem borer Anthistarcha binocularis (Meyrick) is a major pest in cashew orchards in Brazil. The damage caused by the larvae results in economic losses, and the available chemical control is not suitable because of the endophytic nature of A. binocularis. The identification of the A. binocularis sex pheromone could provide novel applications for the detection and monitoring of this species. RESULTS Two compounds from female sex gland extracts elicited electrophysiological responses on male antennae. They were identified as dodec‐6‐en‐1‐ol and dodec‐6‐en‐1‐yl acetate by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. E/Z stereoisomers of both compounds were synthesized, and the electroantennograms for the synthetic compounds showed the strongest responses for the (E)‐stereoisomers of the alcohol and acetate. In a field trial, the E6‐12:OH/E6‐12:OAc mixture attracted male A. binocularis, whereas the Z6‐12:OH/Z6‐12:OAc mixture attracted no specimens. CONCLUSIONS The bioactive compounds from the sex pheromone of A. binocularis have been identified as a mixture of two previously unidentified pheromone compounds: E6‐12:OH and E6‐12:OAc. The mixture of both compounds was attractive to males in preliminary field experiments, and this study is the first report of Δ6‐unsaturated monoenyl pheromone compounds in Lepidoptera. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Neosilba spp. is firstly reported in physic nut fruits (Jatropha curcas), in Rio Largo, State of Alagoas, Brazil. A total of 438 specimens were found on 1,000 fruits between May and July 2010. Five species were recorded in the State of Alagoas: Neosilba zadolicha McAlpine & Steyskal 1982, Neosilba glaberrima (Wiedemann, 1830), Neosilba certa (Walker, 1850), Neosilba pendula (Bezzi) and Neosilba bella Strikis & Prado 2008. This is the first record of J. curcas as host plant of Neosilba in Brazil.

Brazil is the world's largest producer and exporter of sugarcane with an estimated 625 million tones of raw material being processed in the sugar mills and ethanol distilleries during the 2010/2011 season. In the state of Alagoas, about 438,570 hectares are planted with sugarcane, making this state the largest producer in the Northeast Region of Brazil with an estimated harvest of 26.75 million tons of raw material in the 2010/2011 season (CONAB 2011). Each year, the limits of the areas of sugarcane have expanded in Brazil, leading to substantial increase of the risk of pest infestation. In this context, crambid moths of the genus Diatraea (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) are of particular importance because of the frequency with which they occur and the damage that they cause (Botelho et al. 1999). Two species of this genus of borers, namely, Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius, 1974 and Diatraea flavipennella (Box, 1931), are considered the principal sugarcane pests in Brazil (Cheavegatti-Gianotto et al. 2011). While the former species is widely distributed in sugarcane-producing areas throughout the country, the latter is restricted to Alagoas and surrounding states in the Northeast Region (Freitas et al. 2006). The biological control of Diatraea spp. typically involves Cotesia flavipes Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a larval parasitoid imported from Asia in the 1970's. Although this wasp has a relatively low production cost and is capable of providing an effective control of sugarcane borers, application of an egg parasitoid would be more efficient since the egg stage represents a key factor in the population increase of this pest (Botelho et al. 1999). In addition, identifying native parasitoid species that could be effective against many

-The objective of this work was to assess the effects of the release and establishment of the exotic parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its interspecific competitive relationship with native fruit fly parasitoids in organic and conventional orchards in Maceio, State of Alagoas, Brazil. The exotic parasitoids were reared in the Radio-Entomology Laboratory of the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, and released (112,350 individuals between five and eight days old) in orchards from June 8 to July12, 2013.Fruit samples were collected randomly every week during one year to assess the D. longicaudata recaptured from plants and fallen fruits on the ground, which were taken to the Entomology Laboratory of the CECA-UFAL, classified and individually placed in plastic containers, containing a layer of 1 cm of sand for pupation of the host larvae. The pupae, obtained after 10 days, were placed in Petri dishes with a layer of sand until the emergence of adults, which were then kept in plastic microtubes, containing ethanol 70%. The release of exotic parasitoids did not displace native species. The same species were found before and after the release in both cultures: Doryctobracon areolatus, Asobara anastrephae, Utetes anastrephae and Opius bellus (Braconidae), Aganaspis pelleranoi (Figitidae) and individuals of the Pteromalidae family. One year after the last release, 44 individuals of the exotic parasitoid were found, showing its establishment in the studied areas.Keywords: Biological control. Diachasmimorpha longicaudata. Tephritidae. COMPETIÇÃO INTERESPECÍFICA ENTRE PARASITOIDES NATIVOS E EXÓTICO DE MOSCAS-DAS-FRUTAS EM POMARES DIVERSIFICADOS EM MACEIÓ-AL

As intoxicações por agrotóxicos resultam da exposição ocupacional dos trabalhadores rurais, principalmente nas áreas agrícolas. Para reduzir esses problemas é necessário o uso de estratégias de monitoramento e controle do manejo racional dos produtos químicos utilizados. O objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar o perfil ocupacional dos trabalhadores rurais por meio de entrevistas e exames toxicológicos. O estudo caracteriza-se por uma pesquisa aplicada, de característica exploratória, com procedimento de levantamento a partir de uma amostra com 50 agricultores. Observou-se maioria dos fatores de riscos aos trabalhadores está intrinsecamente relacionada, pois quando são verificadas as correlações causais da exposição e intoxicação dos agricultores, verificamos que a baixa escolaridade associada à carência técnica de instrução do uso racional dos agrotóxicos, o tempo prolongado de exposição e o não uso de EPIs, contribuem para o perfil toxicológico dos trabalhadores rurais. Em relação às análises laboratoriais foi possível observar que parte dos trabalhadores apresentava intoxicação aguda, verificada através da análise da colinesterase, porém, não foi suficiente para causar danos as funções renais e hepáticas. Contudo, podendo ocorrer com o uso crônico e recorrente dessas substâncias químicas. Portanto, é necessário uma maior fiscalização na aplicação dos agrotóxicos no campo, treinamento dos trabalhadores rurais sobre uso correto dos insumos agrícolas e estratégias de intervenção pelos órgãos de saúde e meio ambiente.

ResumoExtratos vegetais orgânicos e óleos emulsionáveis de Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) (nim) foram estudados com o objetivo de avaliar seus efeitos no controle de fêmeas ingurgitadas de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) em laboratório. Foram utilizados extratos orgânicos hexânicos e alcoólicos a 2% (peso/volume), em testes de imersão, durante 5 minutos, preparados com sementes, solubilizados em dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) a 1%. O experimento foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo constituído por 6 tratamentos e 5 repetições, cada uma delas representada por 5 carrapatos. O grupo controle consistiu de fêmeas sem tratamento. Com base nos resultados deste trabalho, pode-se indicar que os tratamentos extrato de semente (hexano) e óleo emulsionável I 1 , em concentração a 2%, possuem significativo potencial adjuvante de controle do carrapato bovino, pois ocasionam a mortalidade nos primeiros dias após o tratamento e interferem na reprodução, mostrando ser uma alternativa aos carrapaticidas normalmente utilizados.Palavras-chave: nim, Azadirachta indica, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, carrapato, fitoterápicos. AbstractOrganic plant extracts and emulsified oil of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) (neem) were studied to evaluate its effects in control of engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) in the laboratory. Hexane and alcoholic organic extracts, 2% (weight/volume) were used in tests of immersion for 5 minutes, prepared with seeds, solubilized in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to 1%. The experiment was entirely randomized, consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replicates, each represented by 5 ticks. Control groups consisted of untreated females. Based on the results of this work, we can indicate that the seed extract (hexanic fraction) and óleo emulsionável I 1 concentration to 2% have significant adjuvant potential to control the cattle tick, because, cause the mortality in the first days after the treatment and interfere in the reproduction, showing to be an alternative to acaricides normally used.

Studies on frugivorous flies in Alagoas State, Brazil, have been limited to species of fruit flies (Tephritidae). This paper reports six species of Neosilba (Lonchaeidae) in five municipalities of Alagoas State: Neosilba bella, N. certa, N. glaberrima, N. inesperata, N. pendula and N. zadolicha.