ABSTRAK<br />Masalah utama pada budidaya tembakau temanggung adalah erosi yang<br />mencapai 42,75 ton/ha dan serangan penyakit lincat yang dapat mematikan<br />tanaman sampai 80%. Untuk menekan erosi dan penyakit lincat tersebut telah<br />dilakukan penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2002 di Desa Glapansari,<br />Kecamatan Parakan, Kabupaten Temanggung. Tujuannya adalah untuk<br />mengetahui pengaruh penerapan teknik konservasi lahan yang dikombinasikan<br />dengan pengendalian penyakit lincat terhadap erosi, kadar unsur hara tanah<br />tererosi, sifat fisik tanah, populasi patogen, persentase kematian tanaman, serta<br />hasil tembakau. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah teknologi konservasi lahan yang<br />meliputi penanaman rumput setaria pada bibir saluran pemotong lahan selebar<br />4 m, dan tanaman flemingia pada bidang vertikal saluran pemotong setinggi 0,5<br />m, serta pembuatan rorak di dasar saluran pemotong lahan yang mempunyai<br />kemiringan 43%. Perlakuan tersebut dikombinasikan dengan teknologi<br />pengendalian penyakit “lincat”, yaitu penanaman galur tahan (BC3-C51),<br />pemberian mikrobia antagonis A. fumigatus, penyemprotan dan pemberian<br />pestisida kimiawi. Mikrobia antagonis dan pestisida kimia disemprotkan pada<br />lubang tanam sehari sebelum tembakau ditanam. Penanaman bibit rumput<br />setaria dan flemingia serta pembuatan rorak dilakukan pada tahun 2000, yaitu<br />dua bulan sebelum penanaman tembakau musim tanam tahun 2000. Rancangan<br />yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang 6 kali. Di<br />setiap petak perlakuan yang berukuran 22 m x 4 m dipasang sebanyak dua unit<br />bak penampung erosi, yaitu 1 unit bak penampung erosi untuk perlakuan<br />kontrol dan 1 unit untuk perlakuan teknik konservasi yang diletakkan di tengah<br />petak bagian bawah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknik<br />konservasi pada lahan tembakau temanggung dapat menekan besarnya erosi<br />dari 30,22 menjadi 16,67 ton/ha/thn atau sebesar 44,84%. Penyemprotan<br />mikrobia antagonis pada lahan dengan teknik konservasi dapat menekan<br />perkembangan populasi patogen lincat dan mengurangi persentase kematian<br />tanaman tembakau. Hasil tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan dengan teknik<br />konservasi dan aplikasi pengendalian penyakit “lincat” ternyata lebih tinggi<br />42% dibanding hasil tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan kontrol.<br />Kata kunci : Konservasi lahan, erosi, tembakau temanggung, penyakit lincat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Soil conservation technique to reduce erosion and soil<br />pathogens of temanggung tobacco land<br />Mostly area cropping of temanggung tobacco is located in hilly land, so<br />that erosion and accumulation of disease are the main problems. To minimize<br />erosion and disease attacks, research had been done in Glapansari Village,<br />Parakan District, Temanggung in 2002 at site with slope of 43%. The aim was<br />to know the effect of soil conservation which was combined with soil disease<br />control techniques on soil erosion, eroded soil element, soil physics, soil<br />pathogens population, percentage of dead tobacco plant, and tobacco yield.<br />The treatments are soil conservation technique, planting of setaria grass and<br />flemingia in ridge terrace and digging of ditch pitch on the base of ridge<br />terrace. All of the treatments was established in 2000. The soil conservation<br />treatments were combined with application of antagonistic microbes (A.<br />fumigatus) and cropping of resistant tobacco line (BC3-C51). Randomized<br />Block Design with 6 replicates was used in this research. In each treatment of<br />22 m x 4 m plots, two units soil erosion collector were set, one unit was for<br />control treatment (without soil conservation and soil disease control techniques<br />or local farmer technology treatment) and the other for soil conservation<br />techniques. Results showed that soil conservation technique reduced soil<br />erosion from 30.22 to 16.67 tones/ha/year or 44.84%. Tobacco land that was<br />treated with soil conservation and soil pathogen control techniques had less soil<br />pathogen population and death tobacco plant than tobacco land without<br />treatments (control). Tobacco yield planted in land with soil conservation was<br />higher 42% than that planted in control land.<br />Key words : Soil conservation, erosion, temanggung tobacco, soil pathogen
<p><strong>Effectiveness of biofertilizer and IS fertilizer (ZA) in increasing the yield and quality of Virginia tobacco leaves, population of soil bacteria and soil /V content</strong></p><p>The experiment was conducted in inceptisol soil, Bondowoso, from June 1998 to March 1999. The experiment was aimed to study the effect of biofertilizer and N rates on population of soil bacteria and total N soil content, yield and quality of Virginia tobacco leaves The experiment was designed in factorial randomized block with two factors and four replicates Factor one consisted of two levels of biofertilizer (0 and I l/ha) and factor two was three levels of N rates (0, 25 and 50 kg N/ha). Biofertilizer was sprayed before planting and N fertilizer was added twice, at 10 and 21 days ater planting, half dosage each PjO^ (40 kg/ha) and K20 (90 kg/ha) were added as basal fertilizer. Biofertilizer (1% product) was sprayed into the plant holes (volume 100 l/ha) prior lo planting of tobacco seedlings. Results showed that interaction between biofertilizer and 2S kg N/ha treatments increased fresh leaves yield by 22% and cured leaves by 30%, and also resulted in a high value of crop index (110.16) Quality index was only increased (5%) by addition of biofertilizer In the laboratory, the combination treatment of biofertilizer and N also increased the population of bacteria and total N content of soil that was incubated for 2 weeks.</p>
Effect of organic (biogrcen) and inorganic fetilizers (ammonium sulphate and SP36) on the yield and quality of the temanggung tobacco in andosol soil was studied at Galapansari - Temanggung, from Februai to December 2001. The organic and inorganic fetilizers were formulated in 10 packages, namely : (1) 570 kg ammonium sulphate (AS) ♦ 100 kg SP36; (2) the recommended rate for temanggung tobacco (20 000 kg stable manure 500 kg AS + 100 kg SP36; (3) 5 000 kg organic fetilizer (OF); (4) 7 500 kg OF; (5) 8 500 kg OF; (6) 10 000 kg OF; (7) 12 500 kg OF; (8) 14 500 kg OF; (9) 7 500 kg OF + 3 500 kg sUble manure (SM); (10) 7 500 kg OF + 4 500 kg SM. All the rates of fetilizers were based on one hectare planted area (16 500 plants) The expeiment was designed as a randomized block in four replicates. Results showed that organic fertilizer waa more effective than stable manure in improving die growth, yield and quality of temanggung tobacco. A the rate of 5 000 kg was sufficient to produce high ( 6 313 kg fresh or 800 kg sliced died leaves), grade index (51.68) and crop index (55.31). Key words : Organic fetilizer, ammonium sulfate, SP36, temanggung tobacco, andisol
ABSTRAK<br />Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk majemuk terhadap hasil dan<br />mutu tembakau virginia yang ditanam di tanah ringan, telah dilakukan<br />penelitian di Desa Pengarang, Kecamatan Pujer, Kabupaten Bondowoso<br />mulai bulan April sampai Nopember 2001. Penelitian ini menggunakan<br />rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga kali ulangan untuk menyusun<br />perlakuan. Perlakuan yang dicoba adalah pupuk majemuk (PM) dengan<br />dosis 5, 6, 7, 8 dan 9 butir pertanaman dibandingkan dengan PM (dosis<br />masing-masing) dicampur dengan biokonsentrat. Sebagai perlakuan<br />pembanding adalah paket pupuk rekomendasi, yaitu 200 ZA + 200 PN +<br />100 SP36 + 100 ZK. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian PM<br />sebanyak 6 butir per tanaman (setara dengan 185 kg/ha atau 40 kg N/ha)<br />menghasilkan daun basah tembakau sebanyak 11,34 ton/ha. Hasil daun<br />basah tersebut tidak berbeda dengan hasil daun basah tertinggi (12,42<br />ton/ha) yang dihasilkan tanaman tembakau dengan paket dosis<br />rekomendasi. Dosis pupuk majemuk juga memberikan nilai indeks mutu<br />tertinggi (55,90) tidak berbeda pengaruhnya dengan pupuk rekomendasi.<br />Pemberian pupuk rekomendasi menghasilkan tanaman tembakau yang<br />berkadar N dan P jaringan tanaman tertinggi pada pengamatan umur<br />tanaman 75 hari setelah tanam dan pada saat akhir panen.<br />Kata kunci: Tembakau virginia, tanah ringan, pupuk, Kabupaten<br />Bondowoso, Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of compound fertilizer on yield and quality of<br />virginia tobacco in light soil, Bondowoso, East Java<br />Study to determine the effect of compound fertilizer on yield and<br />quality of virginia tobacco was conducted in Pengarang, Pujer, Bondo-<br />woso District, from April to November 2001. Factorial in randomized<br />block design with three replicates was arranged to set the treatment<br />consisting of two factors. The first factor of treatment consists of two<br />variables, i.e. compound fertilizer (PK) and PK +bio-concentrate. The<br />second factor was the rates of PK, i.e 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 tablets per plant or<br />equivalent to 185, 221, 258, 294 and 331 kg/ha. All the treatments were<br />compared to recommended fertilizer to farmers (200 ZA + 200 PN + 100<br />SP36 + 100 ZK kg/ha). The results showed that 185 kg/ha PK gave the<br />fresh tobacco yield of 11.34 tones/ha which was not significantly different<br />with the highest fresh tobacco leave (12.42 tones/ha) produced by<br />recommended fertilizer. Grade index value of tobacco produce by PK and<br />recommended fertilizer was not significantly different. However, virginia<br />tobacco with recommended fertilizer had the highest content of N and P in<br />plant tissues which were observed at 75 days after planting and until the<br />end of harvesting.<br />Key words: Virginia tobacco, light soil, fertilizer, Bondowoso District,<br />East Java
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