ABSTRAK<br />Masalah utama pada budidaya tembakau temanggung adalah erosi yang<br />mencapai 42,75 ton/ha dan serangan penyakit lincat yang dapat mematikan<br />tanaman sampai 80%. Untuk menekan erosi dan penyakit lincat tersebut telah<br />dilakukan penelitian yang dilaksanakan pada tahun 2002 di Desa Glapansari,<br />Kecamatan Parakan, Kabupaten Temanggung. Tujuannya adalah untuk<br />mengetahui pengaruh penerapan teknik konservasi lahan yang dikombinasikan<br />dengan pengendalian penyakit lincat terhadap erosi, kadar unsur hara tanah<br />tererosi, sifat fisik tanah, populasi patogen, persentase kematian tanaman, serta<br />hasil tembakau. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah teknologi konservasi lahan yang<br />meliputi penanaman rumput setaria pada bibir saluran pemotong lahan selebar<br />4 m, dan tanaman flemingia pada bidang vertikal saluran pemotong setinggi 0,5<br />m, serta pembuatan rorak di dasar saluran pemotong lahan yang mempunyai<br />kemiringan 43%. Perlakuan tersebut dikombinasikan dengan teknologi<br />pengendalian penyakit “lincat”, yaitu penanaman galur tahan (BC3-C51),<br />pemberian mikrobia antagonis A. fumigatus, penyemprotan dan pemberian<br />pestisida kimiawi. Mikrobia antagonis dan pestisida kimia disemprotkan pada<br />lubang tanam sehari sebelum tembakau ditanam. Penanaman bibit rumput<br />setaria dan flemingia serta pembuatan rorak dilakukan pada tahun 2000, yaitu<br />dua bulan sebelum penanaman tembakau musim tanam tahun 2000. Rancangan<br />yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang 6 kali. Di<br />setiap petak perlakuan yang berukuran 22 m x 4 m dipasang sebanyak dua unit<br />bak penampung erosi, yaitu 1 unit bak penampung erosi untuk perlakuan<br />kontrol dan 1 unit untuk perlakuan teknik konservasi yang diletakkan di tengah<br />petak bagian bawah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknik<br />konservasi pada lahan tembakau temanggung dapat menekan besarnya erosi<br />dari 30,22 menjadi 16,67 ton/ha/thn atau sebesar 44,84%. Penyemprotan<br />mikrobia antagonis pada lahan dengan teknik konservasi dapat menekan<br />perkembangan populasi patogen lincat dan mengurangi persentase kematian<br />tanaman tembakau. Hasil tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan dengan teknik<br />konservasi dan aplikasi pengendalian penyakit “lincat” ternyata lebih tinggi<br />42% dibanding hasil tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan kontrol.<br />Kata kunci : Konservasi lahan, erosi, tembakau temanggung, penyakit lincat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Soil conservation technique to reduce erosion and soil<br />pathogens of temanggung tobacco land<br />Mostly area cropping of temanggung tobacco is located in hilly land, so<br />that erosion and accumulation of disease are the main problems. To minimize<br />erosion and disease attacks, research had been done in Glapansari Village,<br />Parakan District, Temanggung in 2002 at site with slope of 43%. The aim was<br />to know the effect of soil conservation which was combined with soil disease<br />control techniques on soil erosion, eroded soil element, soil physics, soil<br />pathogens population, percentage of dead tobacco plant, and tobacco yield.<br />The treatments are soil conservation technique, planting of setaria grass and<br />flemingia in ridge terrace and digging of ditch pitch on the base of ridge<br />terrace. All of the treatments was established in 2000. The soil conservation<br />treatments were combined with application of antagonistic microbes (A.<br />fumigatus) and cropping of resistant tobacco line (BC3-C51). Randomized<br />Block Design with 6 replicates was used in this research. In each treatment of<br />22 m x 4 m plots, two units soil erosion collector were set, one unit was for<br />control treatment (without soil conservation and soil disease control techniques<br />or local farmer technology treatment) and the other for soil conservation<br />techniques. Results showed that soil conservation technique reduced soil<br />erosion from 30.22 to 16.67 tones/ha/year or 44.84%. Tobacco land that was<br />treated with soil conservation and soil pathogen control techniques had less soil<br />pathogen population and death tobacco plant than tobacco land without<br />treatments (control). Tobacco yield planted in land with soil conservation was<br />higher 42% than that planted in control land.<br />Key words : Soil conservation, erosion, temanggung tobacco, soil pathogen
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