Active immunization with IL-17A coupled to KLH was able to induce a high titer of neutralizing antibodies against IL-17A and inhibit B cell functions without increasing the risk of infection in a pristane-induced lupus mice model.

Several studies have shown that individuals with previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection had boosted antibody response after single dose of mRNA or adenovirus-vectored vaccines. We wondered whether single dose CoronaVac, a whole-inactivated vaccine, could be considered for COVID-19 survivors in Indonesia. We measured IgG anti-RBD titre among 18 survivors and 37 non-survivors. Among survivors, there were 9 survivors with positive antibody titre (seropositive) before vaccination and 9 seronegative survivors. All respondents received two doses of CoronaVac vaccine at 14-days interval. We found no significant antibody titre difference between non-survivor at 14 or 28 days after second dose as well as seronegative survivor at at 14 days after second dose. Seropositive survivors were rapidly boosted after first dose with higher antibody titer than non-survivors and seronegative survivors after second dose. However, antibody titer did not differ between first and second dose among seropositive survivors. Seropositive COVID-19 survivors could receive single dose of CoronaVac vaccine which could potentially ease the vaccine supply constrain. A long-term follow-up must be conducted to observe difference in antibody response and persistence.

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The research objective was to determine the progression rate of inflation, interest rates and gross domestic product of the savings from the years 2005-2010, to determine the magnitude of the effect of inflation rates, interest rates and gross domestic product of the savings. Analysis tools used in this study using multiple regression. Analytical results obtained are inflation, interest rates, gross domestic product is jointly affect savings. Based on this research, the implications of this research that the savings are affected by inflation, interest rates (SBI)  and gross domestic product (GDP), while the rest is explained by other variables outside the model that is implicitly reflected in the variable.

Salah satu kendala program vaksinasi dalam penanganan pandemiCorona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) adalah stok vaksin yang terbatas. Beberapa studi pada vaksin mRNA menunjukkan bahwa penyintas COVID-19 menunjukkan respon yang lebih cepat dalam membentuk antibodi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran awal mengenai respon imun penyintas COVID-19 setelah pemberian vaksin CoronaVac. Metode: 14 sampel dari penyintas COVID-19 yang divaksinasi menggunakan CoronaVac diambil untuk melihat total antibodi terhadap Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) protein spike SARS-CoV-2 yang diperiksa dari serum pada sebelum vaksinasi, 14 hari setelah dosis pertama, dan 14 hari setelah dosis kedua. Hasil: Didapatkan 6 orang penyintas mempunyai antibodi anti RBD (seropositif) sedangkan 8 orang lainnya tidak (seronegatif). Rerata durasi PCR positif menunjukkan individu seronegatif memiliki waktu yang lebih singkat (3,3 ± 1,7 hari, p<0.001) dibandingkan kelompok seropositif Kesimpulan: Kelompok penyintas seropositif mengalami peningkatan antibodi yang signifikan setelah pemberian vaksin dosis pertama (GMT 648.6,166.0 U/mL). Titer ini signifikan lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok seronegatif bahkan setelah pemberian vaksin dosis kedua (GMT 49.1, 95% CI 14.0 -172.7 U/mL). Temuan awal ini harus direplikasi dalam sampel yang lebih besar untuk mengidentifikasi prioritas vaksinasi diantara individu yang sebelumnya terinfeksi.

Background: Mutations within the hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (RT) gene have been associated with drug resistance against nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs). Objective: This study aimed to identify mutations in the RT gene among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) before receiving antiviral therapy and its relationship with the HBV genotypes. Methods: A total of 26 HBV DNA was extracted from the blood plasma of CHB patients. HBV RT gene was amplified and sequenced using the Sanger dideoxy sequencing method. The HBV genotype was determined through phylogenetic analysis using the Maximum Likelihood method. Results: The study subjects comprised 14 CHB patients without complications and 12 CHB patients with cirrhosis/hepatoma. CHB patients with cirrhosis/hepatoma were older than those without complications. The HBV genotypes comprised 15 (57.7%) genotype C and 11 (42.3%) genotype B. All treatment-naïve CHB patients did not demonstrate any classical NA resistance mutations within the RT gene. However, several putative and pretreatment resistance mutations, including F221Y, N238H, and V224I, were high frequency in more than 40% of study subjects. In addition, F221Y and N238H/Q mutations were frequently observed in genotype B, while V224 I was only found in patients infected with genotype C (p=0.000). Conclusions: There was no evidence of classical RT gene mutations associated with NA resistance in treatment-naïve patients with CHB. However, several putative and pretreatment mutations were identified as genotype-specific mutations and may contribute to antiviral resistance against NAs.