This study assesses the status of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among coronavirus survivors living in rural and urban districts in Riau province, Indonesia. The cross-sectional study was conducted among 468 and 285 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) survivors living in rural and urban areas, respectively in August 2021. The St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used to measure the HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors. A higher total score domain corresponds to worse quality of life status. Quantile regression with the respect to 50th percentile found a significant association for the factors living in rural areas, being female, having comorbidities, and being hospitalized during treatment, with total score of 4.77, 2.43, 7.22, and 21.27 higher than in their contra parts, respectively. Moreover, having received full vaccination had the score 3.96 in total score. The HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors living in rural areas was significantly lower than in urban areas. Factors such as living in rural areas, female sex, having comorbidities, and history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were identified as significant predictors for lower quality of life. Meanwhile, having full vaccination is a significant predictor for a better quality of life. The results of this study can provide the targeted recommendations for improvement of HRQOL of COVID-19 survivors.
Several studies have shown that individuals with previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection had boosted antibody response after single dose of mRNA or adenovirus-vectored vaccines. We wondered whether single dose CoronaVac, a whole-inactivated vaccine, could be considered for COVID-19 survivors in Indonesia. We measured IgG anti-RBD titre among 18 survivors and 37 non-survivors. Among survivors, there were 9 survivors with positive antibody titre (seropositive) before vaccination and 9 seronegative survivors. All respondents received two doses of CoronaVac vaccine at 14-days interval. We found no significant antibody titre difference between non-survivor at 14 or 28 days after second dose as well as seronegative survivor at at 14 days after second dose. Seropositive survivors were rapidly boosted after first dose with higher antibody titer than non-survivors and seronegative survivors after second dose. However, antibody titer did not differ between first and second dose among seropositive survivors. Seropositive COVID-19 survivors could receive single dose of CoronaVac vaccine which could potentially ease the vaccine supply constrain. A long-term follow-up must be conducted to observe difference in antibody response and persistence.
<p><em>Abstrak - </em><strong>S</strong><strong>alah satu penyakit yang timbul akibat infeksi bakteri adalah demam tifoid atau <em>typhoid fever</em><em>. Typhoid</em> disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri <em>Salmonella typhi</em></strong><strong><em>. </em></strong><strong>Infeksi akibat bakteri ini dapat diobati dengan menggunakan antibiotik</strong><strong> sintetik ataupun alami. </strong><strong>Antibiotik sintetik lebih populer dibandingkan alam</strong><strong>i namun, antibiotik sintesis</strong><strong> </strong><strong>dapat </strong><strong>membunuh bakteri menguntungkan yang ada dalam tubuh.</strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong>Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) telah dikenal atas manfaatnya bagi kesehatan manusia</strong><strong>, salah satunya adalah daya</strong><strong> antibakteri</strong><strong>nya</strong><strong>. </strong><strong>Pe</strong><strong>nelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui</strong><strong> </strong><strong>daya antibakteri VCO terhadap bakteri <em>Salmonella typhi</em>, sehingga diharapkan VCO dapat menjadi fitofarmaka untuk mengobati penyakit tipus.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Daya antibakteri VCO diuji dengan metode uji Kirby-bauer dan <em>pour plate</em>.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya </strong><strong>daya hambat VCO terhadap pertumbuhan <em>S. typhi </em>secara <em>in-vitro</em>. Hal ini </strong><strong>dibuktikan oleh adanya zona hambat dengan metode Kirby-bauer dan penghambatan pertumbuhan <em>S. typhi</em> dengan metode <em>pour plate</em>. </strong><strong>Hasil </strong><strong>tersebut </strong><strong>menunjukkan bahwa VCO mempunyai potensi sebagai antibakteri pada <em>S. typhi</em>.</strong><strong></strong></p><p> </p><p><em>Abstract</em> – <strong>Thyphoid fever is endemic disease in Indonesia, attacking at all ages, and this disease can cause death. Typhoid is caused by infection of bacterium <em>Salmonella typhi</em>. This bacterial infection can be treated using natural or synthetic antibiotics. Synthetic antibiotics are more popular than natural one, however, the synthetic antibiotics can kill the beneficial bacteria in the body </strong><strong>Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has been popular for its benefit</strong><strong>s</strong><strong> for human health</strong><strong>, one of them is its antibacterial activity</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of the VCO on the bacteria <em>Salmonella typhi</em>. It’s expected that VCO can be a phytopharmaca to treat typhoid. </strong><strong>This research </strong><strong>used Kirby-Bauer test and <em>pour plate </em>as a method.</strong><strong> Result shows that VCO has </strong><strong>inhibition zones against <em>S. typhi</em> that was confirmed by the Kirby-Bauer test which is the zone of inhibition and inhibition of growth of S. typhi in the pour plate. Thus, VCO has a </strong><strong>poten</strong><strong>tial</strong><strong> as antibacterial</strong><strong> agent</strong><strong> </strong><strong>against</strong><strong> <em>S. </em></strong><strong><em>t</em></strong><strong><em>yphi</em></strong><strong><em>. </em></strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong><em> -</em></strong><em> Virgin Coconut Oil, antibacterial activity, Salmonella typhi, inhibit</em><em>i</em><em>on zone</em><em></em></p>
Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii, a pathogen of concern in hospitals worldwide, has diverse antimicrobial resistance mechanisms leading to limiting the antibiotic options and carbapenemase enzyme production is one of the common mechanisms in carbapenem resistance. The epidemiology and resistance pattern of clinical isolates are critical in developing a prevention and treatment strategy. The aim of this was to determine the prevalence and resistance pattern of carbapenem non-susceptible strains (CNS) A. baumannii at Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia. Methodology: Data were retrieved from the culture and susceptibility test results from various clinical specimens from January 2015 to December 2019. A susceptibility test was conducted using Vitek 2 Compact following the manufacturer’s protocol. To explore the genetic profile of CNS A. baumannii, we amplified the blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes, carbapenemase producing genes, using a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among 24 isolates Chi-squared was used to assess the factors associated with the presence of CNS A. baumannii. Results: Between 2015-2019, 1.263 A. baumannii isolates were tested and the prevalence of CNS A. baumannii was 50%. The trend decreased from 53% in 2016 to 45% in 2019. The proportion of CNS A. baumannii was higher among samples from patients treated in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) compared to non-ICU (p < 0.001). The CNS A. baumannii was also more frequently detected from sputum than from non-sputum samples (p = 0.009). CNS A. baumannii were highly resistant to almost all antibiotics and the highest susceptibility was to amikacin, tigecycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with 64%, 53%, and 43%, respectively. The blaOXA-23 gene was detected in 92% of tested CNS A. baumannii isolates. Conclusions: The prevalence of CNS A. baumannii is high at Arifin Achmad Hospital Riau, Indonesia. This is also supported by the high prevalence of the blaOXA-23 gene among tested isolates. Based on the antibiotic susceptibility pattern there are limited antibiotic choices for CNS A. baummannii urging the strengthening of antimicrobial stewardship programs in the country.
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