In fish and poultry processing, viscera are generally considered as a waste product and often discarded. Chicken and hilsa fish (Hilsa ilisa) viscera were used for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic (18:2n-6), eicosapentaenoic (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). Free fatty acids (FFA) were extracted by alkaline hydrolysis of chicken and fish viscera; yields were 5.2 and 5.9% (w/w) respectively. PUFA concentrates were obtained by a two step processdeduction of saturated fatty acids (FA) by low temperature crystallization in acetone followed by urea inclusion compound-based fractionation. Acetone treatment removed 90 and 96% of saturated FA in chicken and fish viscera respectively with FA to acetone ratio of 1:12 (w/v). Using an urea to FA ratio (w/w) of 4.0, chicken viscera produced a maximum of 84.1% of PUFA concentrates containing 82.1% of linoleic acid with a yield of 10% where as in the case of fish viscera the maximum PUFA concentrates were 91.3% containing 78.2% of EPA-DHA with the yield of 11%. Thus, the utilization of poultry and fish processing waste into the production of PUFA concentrates has been shown.

An oxidative procedure for the electrophilic iodination of phenols was developed by using iodosylbenzene as a nontoxic iodine­(III)-based oxidant and ammonium iodide as a cheap iodine atom source. A totally controlled monoiodination was achieved by buffering the reaction medium with K3PO4. This protocol proceeds with short reaction times, at mild temperatures, in an open flask, and generally with high yields. Gram-scale reactions, as well as the scope of this protocol, were explored with electron-rich and electron-poor phenols as well as heterocycles. Quantum chemistry calculations revealed PhII­(OH)·NH3 to be the most plausible iodinating active species as a reactive “I+” synthon. In light of the relevance of the iodoarene moiety, we present herein a practical, efficient, and simple procedure with a broad functional group scope that allows access to the iodoarene core unit.

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Role of biosurfactants has shown renewed interest; hence, search for readily available natural resources of these materials is continuing. Chicken viscera and bahera oil were used as natural sources of oleic acid and its methyl ester, respectively, for the preparation of biosurfactants. Enzymatic esterification and transesterification of oleic acid were performed with sorbitol, fructose and ascorbic acid using Candida antarctica lipase, and their isolated yields were compared. Oleyl esters of sorbitol, fructose and ascorbic acid were produced 27, 21 and 12%, respectively. Transesterification reaction gave better yield than esterification reaction. Synthesized products were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Radical scavenging activity of synthesized ascorbyl oleate was compared with ascorbic acid using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydrazyl radical. Ascorbyl oleate showed better antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Fatty acid esters of polyols have important applications because of their surface‐active properties resulting from the combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in a single molecule. These compounds are widely used as surfactants in the food, detergent, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Ascorbyl ester can be used as biosurfactant as well as fat‐soluble antioxidant for prevention of oxidation of fat used in foods.

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The first gold(I)-catalyzed cycloisomerization procedure applied to the synthesis of substituted 4 H -benzo[ d ][1,3]oxazines has been developed starting from N -(2-alkynyl)aryl benzamides. The chemoselective oxygen cyclization via the 6- exo -dig pathway yielded the observed heterocycles in modest to good chemical yields under very mild reaction conditions. The obtained oxazines were assayed on the breast cancer (BC)-derived cell lines MCF-7 and HCC1954 with differential biological activity. The newly synthesized 4 H -benzo[ d ][1,3]oxazine compounds showed several degrees of cell proliferation inhibition with a remarkable effect for those compounds having a substituted aryl at C-2 of the molecules. The 4 H -benzo[ d ][1,3]oxazines showed an IC 50 ranking from 3.1 to 95 μM in MCF-7 and HCC1954 cells. These compounds represent potential drug candidates for BC treatment. However, additional assays are needed to elucidate their complete effect over the cellular and molecular hallmarks of cancer.

An efficient iodine(III)‐based protocol for the chlorination and catalytic nitration of N‐tosyl anilines as well as the proposed reaction mechanism is described. The synergistic combination of the commercially available [bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene (PIFA) with AlCl3, or (PhIO)n with Al(NO3)3, allowed the electrophilic introduction of chlorine and nitro group in the N‐tosyl aniline core in non‐acidic conditions. Our DFT calculations, performed for the chlorination process, indicate that this occurs through a cationic pathway in which the [Cl‐PhI OTFA⋅AlCl3] is the chlorinating species and is formed under neutral conditions.

: Iodine(III)-based reagents has been broadly used in oxidative reactions for the structural functionalization with several functional groups. Among the more relevant and useful synthetic transformations using these hypervalent γ 3 -reagents, it can be found the fluorination, chlorination, bromination as well as the iodination protocols. Herein, we present some of the most representatives oxidative halogenation procedures of arenes, olefins and alkynes dating from the oldest to the more recent advances in the area, highlighting the discovery and application of new iodine(III)-based halogenating species.