Nuryanto A, Amalia G, Khairani D, Pramono H, Bhagawati D. 2018. Molecular characterization of four giant gourami strains from Java and Sumatra. Biodiversitas 19: 528-534. Giant gourami (Osprhonemus goramy) are widely distibuted across Indonesia, such Java, Sumatra, and Kalimatan which lead to the emerge of various gourami strains due to morphological differences. However, no scientific data about the relationship between morphological and genetic differences among strains. This research aimed to obtain information on molecular characteristics of four giant gourami strains from Java and Sumatra based on partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. This information is vital to strengthen their taxonomic status. Caudal fin clips were sampled from each strain. Nucleotide sequencing was performed using bigdye terminator tehcnique. Pairwise Fst comparison was carried out using arlequin software, whereas sequences of divergence analysis was performed in DnaSP software. Homology of the sequences were checked with previous published data available in Boldsystem data base. Homology test resulted in 98.79 to 100% similarity to the previous published sequences. This means that all strains belonged to single species, i.e. Osphronemus goramy. This placement was supported by low-level of genetic divergences among strains. Although they have low-level genetic divergences, this value is suitable to separate each strain clearly as indicated by pairwise Fst comparison analysis and AMOVA, which showed differences among strains. However, phylogenetic tree shows that all stains formed a monopyletic group with boostratp value of 100. Phylogenetic analysis supports the placement of all strains into a single species that is O. guramy. Those morphological differences are also reflected in their genetic character, except for Tambago and Oranye strains.
Abstract. Kusbiyanto, Bhagawati D, Nuryanto A. 2020. DNA barcoding of crustacean larvae in Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia using cytochrome c oxidase gene. Biodiversitas 21: 4878-4887. Species-level identification of crustacean larvae is challenging due to morphological constraints. DNA barcoding offers a precise method to solve the problems. That method has never been applied to crustacean larvae from the eastern of Segara Anakan, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. This study aims to identify crustacean larvae in the eastern of Segara Anakan using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as a barcode marker. Larvae morphotypes were identified under a binocular microscope. The COI gene was sequenced from one individual of each morphotype. Microscopic observation placed the samples into 15 morphotypes. DNA barcoding placed twelve morphotypes as Crustacea with sequence homologies from 72.21% to 99.21%. Intra-species genetic divergences between samples and reference species ranged between 0.9% and 31.9%, while genetic distance ranged from 0.0% to 17.80%. Intra-species genetic divergences ranged between 0.00% and 3.9%, while genetic distance ranged from 0.00% to 3.8%. The phylogenetic tree proved the monophyly between samples and reference species and showed clear separation among species. All parameters proved that nine morphotypes were identified into species level and were counted for five species. Three morphotypes were identified into the genus level and were counted for three genera. Eight species of crustacean larvae were successfully identified using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene.
The existence of mole crabs had been reported from the southern coast of Central Java. However, no mole crab data was available from the northern coast Central Java. This study aimed to figure out the existence of mole crabs in the northern coast of Central Java as revealed from the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) barcoding. Mole crabs samples collected in Sendang Sikucing Beach Kendal. Taxonomic status of the samples was inferred from sequences similarity test using basic local alignment search tool to conspecific sequence deposited in GenBank. Pairwise genetic distances were calculated based on the Kimura 2-parameter model. A phylogenetic tree had reconstructed in molecular evolution genetic analysis (MEGA) software based on neighbor-joining algorithm. Branching reliability was obtained from 1000 bootstraps replication while branching polarity was obtained from the out-group comparison. The mole crab samples from the northern coast of Central Java had unambiguously identified as Emerita emeritus based on high sequences similarities (98.27%-99.70%), low genetic distances (0.002-0.005), and their monophyly with Emerita emeritus (KR047035) in GenBank. Pairwise analysis among each possibility pair of samples had genetic distances ranged between 0.000 and 0.005, indicated that all sample belong to single species. The data provide the first record of the existence of Emerita emeritus in the northern coast of Central Java. Our data on the existence of E. emeritus in the northern coast of Central Java is among essentials information as a scientific basis in creating policy for the management of sustainable use of the mole crabs in the areas.
Shark fisheries in Indonesia are still relying on the natural catch. Several shark species are important fisheries commo-dities and are highly collected. Although there are several rules to control catch, usage, and conservation status, in practice, fishermen are less submissive. This study was conducted to obtain information about species diversity, per-formance, and sex ratio of sharks which were found in Cilacap Port in October to November 2015. The method used was purposive random sampling technique. Samples were taken four times with two weeks interval for each observation. The parameters were species number, total body length, body weight, morphometry and sex. Data were analyzed descriptively. Thirty six sharks were recorded during the sampling which consisted of 14 species. Among 36 individuals, 7 individuals were juveniles, 3 individuals were adolescence, and 26 individuals were adults. Alopias superciliosus (321 cm) was the longest species, while the shortest was Sphyrna lewini (59 cm); Isurus oxyrinchus was the heaviest (100 kg) species and the lightest species was Carcharhinus falciformis (1 kg). In general, female fish were obtained more than the males. AbstrakProduksi ikan hiu di Indonesia masih mengandalkan hasil tangkapan dari alam. Meskipun sudah terdapat beberapa per-aturan yang mengatur tentang penangkapan, pemanfaatan dan status perlindungannya, namun dalam prakteknya kurang dipatuhi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang keragaman spesies, performa, dan nisbah kela-min ikan hiu yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudra Cilacap pada periode Oktober sampai dengan November 2015. Sampel dipilih dengan persyaratan tertentu dan identifikasi dengan teknik photo ID (Photo-Identiûcation). Para-meter yang diamati adalah jumlah jenis, panjang total, bobot tubuh, morfometrik, dan jenis kelamin. Data yang diper-oleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Selama pengambilan sampel diperoleh 36 ekor ikan hiu, yang terdiri atas 14 jenis, dan tergolong yuwana sebanyak 7 ekor, 3 remaja, dan 26 dewasa. Ikan yang tertangkap dan memiliki ukuran tubuh terpan-jang adalah Alopias superciliosus (321cm), terpendek Sphyrna lewini (59cm); terberat Isurus oxyrinchus (100kg) dan teringan adalah Carcharhinus falciformis (1kg). Secara umum ikan betina lebih banyak tertangkap daripada ikan jantan.
Pembudidaya ikan Nila di Desa Kober Kecamatan Purwokerto Barat telah mampu memproduksi benih tunggal kelamin jantan berkat pelatihan yang telah dilakukan oleh tim dari Fakultas Biologi Unsoed. Namun permasalahan lain yang dihadapi pasca keberhasilan tersebut adalah kebutuhan pakan yang semakin meningkat, sehingga harus menyediakan biaya pakan yang cukup banyak. Lama kelamaan khalayak sasaran merasa sangat terbebani dan ingin membuat pakan sendiri dengan memanfaatkan material lokal yang telah tersedia. Atas permintaan pokdakan, telah dilakukan pelatihan pembuatan pakan buatan berbahan baku lokal. Tujuannya untuk mengembangkan teknologi tepat guna yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat melalui pelatihan guna mendidik anggota pokdakan di Desa Kober dalam merencanakan, menyusun komposisi pakan, menyiapkan alat dan bahan, meramu bahan pakan, mencetak dan mengeringkan pakan. Metode yang diterapkan adalah partisipatif, dengan tahapan kegiatan berupa persiapan, pelaksanaan pelatihan, pendampingan dan evaluasi. Realisasi kegiatan pelatihan dapat berjalan lancar dan mendapatkan respon positif dari khalayak sasaran. Peserta pelatihan telah mampu memproduksi pellet untuk pakan ikan dengan bahan baku lokal yang berupa tepung eceng gondog dan ampas tahu. Pellet yang diproduksi memiliki tekstur tidak terlalu padat dan mampu kering sempurna dengan cara dijemur sinar matahari selama dua hari, mulai jam jam 10.00 sampai dengan jam 17.00. Keberhasilan pembuatan pellet tersebut telah meningkatkan rasa percaya diri pada anggota pokdakan, sehingga mampu menularkan ilmu yang telah diperoleh kepada pembudidaya di desa lain. Di samping itu, dengan telah mampu memproduksi pakan buatan secara mandiri, maka dapat menguatkan usaha budidaya ikan Nila yang ditekuni selama ini, serta mengurangi biaya pembelian pakan.
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