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Soybean is the third important food crop in Indonesia after rice and maize, particularly as a good source of protein. The demand for soybean consumption tends to increase annually. In 2020, the figure was about 3.28 million tons, while the domestic production was 0.63 million tons, thus around 81% of the soybean needed was imported. Efforts to increase the domestic soybean production have been conducted since the last decade, which is concerned with increasing the current productivity (1.5 t/ha) through introducing the high-yielding improved varieties and extending the harvested area, particularly to outside of Java. The potential planting area is focused on the irrigated lowland after rice (optimal land) and suboptimal lands (dry, acid, tidal, and shaded lands). The series of the study showed that the yield potential of soybean grown in such lands varied from 1.8 t/ha to 3.0 t/ha. A number of soybeans improved varieties adapted to different land types or agro-ecological conditions also have been released and supported with advanced cultivation technology. The results, challenges, and opportunities to achieve soybean self-sufficiency are discussed in this paper.

The main constraints of the tidal swamp lands in Indonesia for soybean growth are low soil pH, high Al saturation, and low nutrient availability of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. The objectives of this research were to determine tolerance of several soybean varieties to Al saturation level, and to obtain a technological package for soybean cultivation which was suitable for farmers to adopt on tidal swamp lands. The research consisted of two stages of study. The first stage formulated of technology package, and the second stage evaluated feasibility of the technology package which was formulation from the first stage. The first stage  studied  the effect of  dolomite application (20% - 30% of soil Al saturation) on four soybean varieties (Anjasmoro, Panderman, Dega 1, and Demas). The second stage studied the effect of three technological packages: existing technology; water- saturated soybean cultivation (WSC); and alternative technology which was formulated from the results of the first study. In the 30% of soil Al saturation condition, the alternative technology package (application of 50 kg urea + 75 kg SP36 + 50 kg KCl + 1500 kg organic fertilizers/ha + rhizobium biofertilizer “Agriosy” 0.25 kg/50 g seeds/ha)  gave soybean yield of 1.78 - 2.72 t/ha for all of soybean varieties tested. The alternative technology package with Anjasmoro variety provided higher seed yields (2.62 t/ha) compared to the existing technology (2.07 t/ha) and WSC technology package (2.44 t/ha). The alternative technology package gave a profit of 11,595,000 IRD/ha with B/C values of 1.71 which was higer than the existing and WSC technology packages. The alternative technology package was more profitable than the existing technology (current farmer practice) and water-saturated soybean cultivation technology packages.

Abstract. Harsono A, Elisabeth DAA, Muzaiyanah S, Rianto SA. 2020. Soybean-maize intercropping feasibility under drought-prone area in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3744-3754. The study aimed to determine the land productivity, economic feasibility, and soybean cultivar which is suitable for intercropped with maize in maize production center on dryland-upland in East Java, Indonesia. The study was conducted in Semanding and Merakurak Sub-districts, Tuban District, East Java, Indonesia at the end of rainy season (March-July 2019). The study used a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was planting patterns, namely: soybean intercropping with maize, maize monoculture, and soybean monoculture. The second factor was soybean cultivars, namely: Argomulyo, Dena 1, and Dega 1. The maize variety used was NK Hybrid 212. The result of study indicated that by intercropping and selecting appropriate cultivar, soybean could be developed on dryland-upland area. Soybean intercropping with plant spacing of 30 cm x 15 cm and two seeds per-hill and maize in double row with plant spacing of (40 x 20) cm x 200 cm and one seed per-hill was able to produce maize seeds yield as high as maize increase LER by 1.69, and increase farming income. Dena 1 intercropping with maize was able to provide higher benefit, economic feasibility, and land-use efficiency than Argomulyo and Dega 1, even though Dega 1 had the strongest competitiveness, and Argomulyo had the higher soybean yield.

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Financial Feasibility Study of Biodetas as a Soybean Production Technology Package on Rainfed Area. For achieving soybean self-sufficiency target in 2018-2020, the Government of Indonesia (the GoI) makes some efforts for increasing soybean production. The efforts require a significant increase in productivity as well as harvest area. The great potential for soybean cultivation area expansion in Indonesia is rainfed area. Soybean productivity in rainfed area is around 1.5 t/ha, which is expected to be increased in the range of 1.8-3.2 t/ha as some previous research results on the same soil type depending on input and cultivar used. Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (Iletri) has supported the GoI program by doing the dissemination of soybean production technology packageon rainfed area namely Biodetas which was conducted during the dry season of 2017 in Tompobulu subdistrict, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The dissemination development scale of Biodetas was 40 ha then compared to 5 ha of the existing cultivation and 5 ha of BiodetasPlus. Research aimed to study the financial feasibility of Biodetas on rainfed area. The application of Biodetas and BiodetasPlus on rainfed alfisol with pH 6.2-6.7, sandy clay loam texture, and moderate fertility in Tompobulu ia able to increase soybean yield to respectively 2.7 t/ha and 3.2 t/ha, 71.1% and 101.3% higher than the existing producing 1.6 t/ha. Biodetas technology is efficient and economically feasible to be adopted by farmers with B/C ratio is 1.2 and MBCR is 2.2. Production cost of Biodetas for 1 kg of soybean is the lowest, respectively 81.5% and 82.1% production cost of existing and BiodetasPlus.

The target of the Government of Indonesia (the GoI) for achieving soybean self-sufficiency in 2018-2020 makes some efforts for increasing soybean production requiring the increase of productivity, as well as harvest area, should be done. The rainfed area is an excellent potential for soybean cultivation area expansion in Indonesia. The area reaches 3.1 million ha in Indonesia with 413,000 ha are in South Sulawesi Province. It mostly does not use for soybean cultivation due to limited water availability. Cropping patterns in the rainfed area are paddy - fallow, paddy - corn, paddy - soybean, or paddy - mungbean depends on the water availability. The productivity of soybean in the rainfed area is around 1.5 t/ha, and it is expected to be increased in the range of 1.8-3.2 t/ha. Dissemination of biofertilizer technology for soybean in the rainfed area named “Biodetas” was conducted during the dry season of 2017 in Tompobulu Sub-district, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Components of “Biodetas” technology introduced include (1) the use of biofertilizer (Agrisoy), (2) the reducing of NPK fertilizer use, (3) the use of leaf fertilizer, as well as (4) the use of organic fertilizer. The dissemination scale was 40 ha then compared to 5 ha of the existing cultivation. Research aimed to determine factors affecting farmers to adopt the biofertilizer technology of “Biodetas”. Research used regression analyses using a binary logic model with the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 program. Variables used were farmers’ experience on soybean cultivation, formal education, the extent of soybean planting area, soybean production, income from soybean, rice, and other farming activities, as well as dummy variables for land ownership status, biofertilizer production inputs access, improved seed access, and higher production cost should be provided by farmers. The application of “Biodetas” was able to increase soybean yield to 2.7 t/ha, 71% higher compared to the existing technology that produced 1.6 t/ha soybean. It is economically feasible to be adopted by farmers with B/C ratio1.2. The determinant of technology adoption by farmers was the extent of the soybean planting area. The larger soybean planting area will accelerate the adoption of technology. It may be related to landowners’ economic capability to provide the necessary production inputs to obtain the optimal yield.

National soybean production needs to be increased for meeting domestic soybean demand and suppress soybean import, through improving cultivation techniques including using improved varieties. Study aims to evaluate the feasibility of improved large-seeded soybean cultivation. The study was carried out in 2021 in Tegaldlimo Sub-district, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Data were collected through survey and field observation on the application of existing and recommended technologies. The results showed that 5 new improved large-seeded soybean varieties introduced, namely Dega 1, Devon 1, Denasa 1, Denasa 2, and Detap 1 resulted in higher production than local Martoloyo. The recommended technology was more profitable than the existing as indicated by B/C ratio >1. The introduction of new varieties that are different from Martoloyo attracted 100% of farmers to adopt. In terms of crop and seed physical appearances, farmers prefer to Devon 1 due to its similarity appearance to Martoloyo, except the seed size. In term of economic feasibility, Devon 1 is profitable to be cultivated with B/C ratio of 1.5.