Mite (Tetranychus urticae) that attacks the cassava plants during dry season can reduce the yield up to 53%, depending on plant age and duration of attacks. The objective of the trial was to evaluate the cassava promising clones for tuber root yield and mite resistance. The field trial was done in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, in 2018 with fifteen clones using a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The glass house experiment for mite evaluation was done in Malang in 2018. A total of fifteen clones were used in this glass house trial. Infestation of mite (imago) was done 1 month after plating with 15 mites/pot on the lower part of the fourth or fifth leaf. Results of the field experiment showed that there was a genetic variability in the clones tested. The fresh tuber yield in 10 months ranged 30.33–55.67 t/ha with mean 41.34 t/ha. The fresh tuber yield of clone OMM 0915-11 was the highest of 55.67 t/ha. The tuber result of clone UJ5d50-207-3 similar to OMM 0915-11 and significantly higher than check variety UJ5. Response of clones to mite attack were as follows: two clones were resistant, ten clones were moderately resistant, and the other clones were susceptible. Based on the green house trial, the response of clones to mite attack was as follows: one clone was highly resistant, two clones were resistant, ten clones were moderately resistant, and the other clones were susceptible. Clone OMM 0915-11 was resistant variety or high resistant variety based on the green house and field experiments, while clone UJ5d50-207-3 was moderately resistant based on both glass house and field experiments.

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is sensitive to salinity stress. The availability of soybean cultivar tolerant to salinity stress is the main key of succeeding of soybean cultural practice on saline affected land. Objective of the research was to evaluate the resistance of soybean germplasms to salinity stress. The research was conducted on saline affected soil in Lamongan District during the dry season (May-August) 2016. Nineteen soybean genotypes that were selected from previous salinity test in the green house were reevaluated in the field using a randomized block design with three replications. Wilis cultivar (sensitive to salinity) used as check. Variable observations consisted of soil properties before planting, number of plant grow at 13 and 41 days after sowing (DAS), plant height at 41, 56 and 71 DAS, chlorophyll content index at 27, 41 and 56 DAS, soil EC at 71 DAS, number of harvested plants, yield and yield components. The results showed that among 19 genotypes tested, only five genotypes that survived up to harvest with plant population 30-50% at high salinity level. Salinity reduced plant population more than 50%, and plant height only 50% from its normal height. Based on soil EC, plant population at harvest, and yield, genotype Karat 13, Grayak 3 and Grayak 5 were identified adaptive to high salinity level with soil EC 11,7-14,4 dS/m, while MLGG 0160 were identified adaptive to moderate salinity level with soil EC up to 9,1 dS/m.

ABSTRACT. Intensity and quality of sunlight received by plants AI26-1114-8-28 and IIj9-299-1-4 were considered as shade-tolerant up to 75% shade based on the stress index tolerance value (ITC).

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Abstract. Kuntyastuti H, Sutrisno. 2017. Effect of manure, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, and chemical fertilizer application on the growth and yield of soybean. Nusantara . This study aimed to determine the dosages of organic, chemical and biological fertilizers for optimum growth and yield of soybean grown in acidic dryland. Treatments applied were twelve combinations of inorganic fertilizer, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and manure. These treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, each was three replicates. The growth variables of plant height and chlorophyll index were observed in every two weeks interval, started at two weeks after planting. Root length and number of nodules were observed at 45 days after planting when the maximum vegetative growth occurred. Stem and root dry weight, number of filled and empty pods, pod dry weight, grain weight, and number of seeds per plant were observed at harvest. Optimum soybean growth and yield were achieved when soybean plants were treated with a combination of 1500 kg ha -1 of manure + PSB +150 kg ha -1 of NPK chemical fertilizer.Keywords: Chemical fertilizer, dry acid soil, manure, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, soybeanAbbreviations: NPK = nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, PSB = Phosphate solubilizing bacteria, DAP = day after planting, WAP = week after planting, LCI = leaf chlorophyll index, CEC = cation exchange capacity

Climate change poses weather pattern and heat stress on the soil, along with the sea-level rise and groundwater depletion lead to the expansion of soil salinity hazard on arable lands and turn it to saline-prone lands. In Indonesia, soybean profitability and competitiveness over rice and maize are relatively lower leads to the lesser priority in the development. Further, the cultivation area is declined and start utilizing suboptimal lands, including saline-prone lands. Salinity affects soybean productivity; therefore, the use of salinity-tolerant varieties is key to successful soybean cultivation in saline soils. The study was carried out to evaluate the tolerance of soybean varieties under salinity stress. The experiment was conducted at saline field in Lamongan during 2017 dry season. Forty-one soybean varieties were evaluated based on their responses under salinity stress. Research observations included soil electrical conductivity as the salinity measure, plant growth parameters, yield components, and yield. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and the tolerance to salinity stress was assessed based on Stress Tolerance Index (STI). Evaluated soybean varieties performed various responses to different salinity levels, both in terms of growth and yield parameters. In general, lesser results were observed for most parameters at higher salinity level. Based on the value of STI, 7 varieties were tolerant to salinity but only 2 among them showed yield productivity of >1.5 t ha-1, i.e., Dena 1 and Lokon. Both varieties are very potential to be used as high-yielding parents for salinity tolerant soybean breeding programs.

Varietas kedelai toleran cekaman salinitas merupakan komponen utama budi daya kedelai pada tanah salin. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi toleransi sumber daya genetik kedelai terhadap cekaman salinitas. Sebanyak 202 aksesi kedelai koleksi plasma nutfah Balitkabi dievaluasi pada lahan salin di Desa Lohgung, Kecamatan Brondong, Kabupaten Lamongan pada Juli-Oktober 2017. Evaluasi dilakukan pada dua lingkungan salinitas tanah, yaitu DHL (daya hantar listrik) 4,7-8,4 dS/m (L1) dan 8,8-15,4 dS/m (L2). Setiap aksesi ditanam dalam baris tunggal sepanjang 4 m dan jarak antarbaris 30 cm. Pengamatan terdiri atas DHL tanah, populasi dan tinggi tanaman akhir, komponen hasil dan hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah aksesi yang mengalami penurunan tinggi tanaman, populasi tanaman, dan bobot 100 biji 50% akibat peningkatan salinitas dari L1 menjadi L2 hanya 2-4 aksesi, sedangkan untuk peubah jumlah polong isi dan hasil biji masing-masing 76 dan 64 aksesi. Berdasarkan jumlah aksesi pada tingkat penurunan peubah50%, terindikasi bahwa peubah jumlah polong isi dan hasil biji lebih sesuai digunakan sebagai indikator penilaian toleransi terhadap cekaman salinitas. Toleransi terhadap salinitas dari aksesi yang diuji beragam. Teridentifikasi 52% aksesi tidak toleran dan 36% aksesi toleran salinitas L1 dengan hasil 1,5-3,0 t/ha, sedangkan 13% aksesi toleran salinitas L2 dengan hasil 1,5-1,8 t/ha kecuali satu aksesi dengan hasil 2,3 t/ha. Berdasarkan kenampakan gejala keracunan salin, sebagian besar aksesi yang tidak toleran termasuk inkluder dan hanya sebagian kecil yang eksluder.<br /><br />

Pests and diseases are one of the obstacles to increase soybean productivity in Indonesia. Pests control by chemical pesticides requires high production cost resulted in a low profit of soybean farming; therefore, it is less favorable to farmers. The study aims to evaluate the economic feasibility of soybean farming using bio-pesticide in rainfed rice fields. The research was conducted in Banyuwangi Regency, East Java, during the second dry season of 2018. The survey involved forty respondents. Three improved soybean varieties (Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Devon) and one local variety (Martoloyo) were evaluated on two cultivation technologies, namely bio-pesticide and existing. The results showed that the yield of existing technology was 2.18 t ha−1 or 5.8% higher than the bio-pesticide (2.06 t ha−1). Anjasmoro obtained the highest seed yield, i.e. 2.31 and 2.38 t ha-1, while the lowest was Argomulyo, i.e. 1.85 and 1.96 t ha-1, respectively for both bio-pesticide and existing technologies. The application of soybean cultivation using bio-pesticide technology and improved varieties provided a profit of IDR 8,785,300. The profit was 125.88% higher than the existing. Bio-pesticide and existing technologies (both for improved and local varieties) showed the R/C ratio >1, suggested that both technologies were feasible to be developed.