Soybean Cultivation Technology Package on Tidal Swamp Lands in Indonesia

Abstract

The main constraints of the tidal swamp lands in Indonesia for soybean growth are low soil pH, high Al saturation, and low nutrient availability of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg. The objectives of this research were to determine tolerance of several soybean varieties to Al saturation level, and to obtain a technological package for soybean cultivation which was suitable for farmers to adopt on tidal swamp lands. The research consisted of two stages of study. The first stage formulated of technology package, and the second stage evaluated feasibility of the technology package which was formulation from the first stage. The first stage studied the effect of dolomite application (20%
 - 30% of soil Al saturation) on four soybean varieties (Anjasmoro, Panderman, Dega 1, and Demas). The second stage studied the effect of three technological packages: existing technology; water- saturated soybean cultivation (WSC); and alternative technology which was formulated from the results of the first study. In the 30% of soil Al saturation condition, the alternative technology package (application of 50 kg urea + 75 kg SP36 + 50 kg KCl + 1500 kg organic fertilizers/ha + rhizobium biofertilizer “Agriosy” 0.25 kg/50 g seeds/ha) gave soybean yield of 1.78 - 2.72 t/ha for all
 of soybean varieties tested. The alternative technology package with Anjasmoro variety provided higher seed yields (2.62 t/ha) compared to the existing technology (2.07 t/ha) and WSC technology package (2.44 t/ha). The alternative technology package gave a profit of 11,595,000 IRD/ha with B/C values of 1.71 which was higer than the existing and WSC technology packages. The alternative technology package was more profitable than the existing technology (current farmer practice) and water-saturated soybean cultivation technology packages.

The Potential and Prospect of Tidal Swamp Lands for Sustainable Soybean Production

“…Until 2021, in Indonesia, there are only four soybean varieties released having good adaptation for tidal swamp lands, namely Menyapa, Lawit, Depas1, and Depas2 [10]. However, Harsono et al [11] reported that Anjasmoro, Panderman, Dega1, and Demas varieties could also grow well at 20-30% of soil Al-CEC saturation on tidal swamps (Table 3). Note : dw = Dry weight…”

“…When oxidation occurs, pyrite compounds in the soil on tidal swamp lands will produce sulfuric acid, causing a great acidification process. This condition is less favorable for soybean production because the crops are generally only adaptive to soils with a pH of around five and an Al-CEC saturation of 20-30% [11]. Soil water management can be applied to reduce the pyrite content as the soil is in a reductive condition [12].…”

“…The highest yield was obtained when the crops were limed at the rate equivalent to 10% of Al saturation, applied mixed with soil within 20 cm depth. Meanwhile, Harsono [11] reported that the high Al saturation and nutrient problems in soybean plants on tidal swamp lands in South Kalimantan could be corrected using dolomite until the Al-CEC saturation decreased to 20-30% and by adding organic fertilizers 1.25 t/ha. The Anjasmoro, Panderman, Dega 1, and Demas soybean varieties could grow well in conditions of 30% Al saturated soil if the optimal NPK fertilization was provided (Table 5).…”

“…Soybean varieties in Indonesia are adaptive and indicated to be adaptive on tidal swamp lands[4,10,11] …”

The potential of area under young oil palm plantation on tidal swamps for soybean development

“…Harsono [26] reported that the high Al saturation and nutrient problems in soybean plants on tidal swamps in South Kalimantan can be corrected by using dolomite until the Al-dd saturation decreases to around 30% by using organic fertilizers 1.25 t/ha, bio-fertilizer Agrisoy 0.25 kg/50 kg seeds, Urea 50 kg/ha, SP36 75 kg/ha and 50 kg KCl/ha. With this fertilization package, soybean yields on tidal swamps in South Kalimantan can reach 2.0 t/ha.…”