Karika (<em>Carica pubesce</em><em>ns</em>)is a typical plant of the Dieng plateau. Previous study showed that <em>Carica</em><em>pubescens</em>contains chemical compound such as flavonoid that play role in analgesic activity. This study was aimed to determine the analgesic activity of etanolic extracts of karika leaves) in vivo using writhing method. The study was conducted on 25 male mice strain Swiss-Webster (20-30 g, 2-3 months) that were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group I was given distilled water 1 mL (p.o) as negative control, group II was given tramadol 50 mg/kgBW (p.o) as positive control, and group III-V received an etanolic extracts of karika leaves in 3 doses, i.e. 20 mg/kgBW, 40 mg/kgBW, and 80 mg/kgBW (p.o), respectively. Acetic acid 0,5% (v/v) was used as pain inductor. The writhe was observed within 1 hour. Data analysis was carried out by using one way ANOVA. The result showed that the ethanol extract of leaves Karika <em>(Carica </em><em>pubescens)</em> have activity as an analgesic at a dose of 20 mg / kg, 40 mg / kg and 80 mg / KgBW (p <0.05), chemically induced, where a dose of 80 mg / KgBW (p.o) produce the most high analgesic activity.
The preparation process needs to be carried out in the treatment of hatchery waste. The objective of the study was to determine the mineral content and characterization of the eggshell waste after preparation. An experiment was arranged on a completely randomized design (CRD). Preparation treatment consisted of; T1: shell waste watered with distilled water; T2: shell waste soaked in distilled water for 12 h; T3: shell waste soaked in 0.5% NaOH for 720 min; and T4: shell waste boiled at 80°C for 15 min and soaked in 5% H3PO4 for 15 min. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and if any differences, a Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) post hoc tests were carried out. Composition of proximate and mineral were detected by using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Results indicated that proximate analysis of the dry matter content were T4: 98.98±0.01; T3: 98.58±0.04; T2: 98.75±0.08; and T1: 98.72±0.03. The calcium content of the treatment from the highest was T3: 24.22±0.31; T1: 22.80±0.57; T2: 22.77±0.71; and T4: 21.55±0.46. It may be inferred that the treatment technique had no major impact on the eggshells physical characteristics. However, boiling treatment at 80°C for 15 min and soaking in 5% H3PO4 reduced the eggshell waste's Mg, Si, and Ca content. The addition of 0.5% NaOH immersion did not degrade Mg, Ca, and Si of eggshell waste.
<p>Clubroot is a major disease that often infects cabbage caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.. The leaf of T. diversifolia is an example of weeds that can be used as green leaf manure. The research aimed to study the effectiveness and dosage of green manure from Tithonia leaf to control clubroot. In planta test was conducted by using factorial completely randomized design, the first factor was dosages of Tithonia green manure and second factor was application time of fertilizing. The research showed that green manure from Tithonia leaf effectively suppressed infection of P. brassicae and was capable of increasing growth variable of cabbage seedling. Fertilizing with green leaf manure of Tithonia with dosage of 10 ton ha<sup>-1</sup> could decreased intensity of P. brassicae infection up to 10,18%. The application time of fertilizing 0 days after planting has the highest weight of cabbage seedling biomass is 14,10 g.</p>
AbtsractThis research uses women in East Java and surrounding areas as evidence of the frequent formation of harassment problems against women. Written using a feminist criminology perspective, this research uses a qualitative approach with a participatory observation method that allows observers to feel what the research and research subjects feel and understand firsthand the phenomena that occur in them. Sexual violence against women is not the same as other criminal acts. Sexual violence has a wide and varied dimension of action. The incidence of sexual violence against women in public spaces reported and recorded at Komnas Perempuan is not factual. The fact that the number of sexual violence in the public sphere is greater than the reported sexual violence. Sexual violence against women is a symbolic violence that wants to show the dominance and power of men over women. Women do not have autonomy over their bodies. Women's bodies no longer belong to women, but belong to men. The female body is defined and constructed by the male mind. With social construction, women become other than themselves. Early education is needed to carry out social deconstruction by placing equal relations between men. To protect women, it is necessary to reform the law.Keywords: public area; sexual harassment womanAbstrakRiset ini menjadikan wanita pada wilayah Jawa Timur serta sekitarnya selaku pembuktian kerap terbentuknya permasalahan pelecehan pada wanita. Ditulis dengan memakai perspektif kriminologi feminis, riset ini memakai pendekatan kualitatif dengan tata cara observasi partisipatoris yang membolehkan pengamat turut merasakan apa yang dirasakan oleh subjek riset dan penelitian dan memahami langsung fenomena yang terjadi di dalamnya. Kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan tidaklah sama dengan perbuatan pidana lainnya. Kekerasan seksual memilki dimensi perbuatan yang luas dan beragam. Angka kejadian kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan di ruang publik yang dilaporkan dan tercatat di Komnas Perempuan adalah angka tidak bersifat faktual. Fakta angka kekerasan seksual di ruang publik lebih besar daripada kekerasan seksual yang terlaporkan. Kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan merupakan kekerasan simbolik yang ingin menunjukkan dominasi dan kuasa laki-laki terhadap perempuan. Perempuan tidak memiliki otonomi terhadap tubuhnya. Tubuh perempuan bukan lagi milik perempuan, namun milik laki-laki. Tubuh perempuan didefinisikan dan dikonstruksikan oleh pemikiran laki-laki. Dengan konstruksi sosial, perempuan menjadi liyan dari dirinya sendiri. Diperlukan edukasi sejak dini, untuk melakukan dekonstruksi sosial dengan menempatkan relasi yang setara antara laki-laki. Untuk melindungi perempuan, maka diperlukan pembaharuan hukum.
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