“…Mountain papaya contains flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, cysteine proteases, and papain which are antidiabetic agents. 8,9 Total flavonoids contained in mountain papaya fruit have been permitted as antidiabetic by preventing β cell damage, insulin, and insulin signaling and inhibiting α-glucosidase. 9,10 Bitter melon fruit contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides, proteins, triterpenoids, quinine, and amino acids.…”