The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fresh and hay alfalfa supplementation in diets on hybrid duck performance. In total 75 hybrid ducks with three treatments and five replications were used in this study. Each replication consisted of five ducks. The feeds were used in the trial consisted of P0 = Basal diets, P1 = Basal diets + 6 % fresh alfalfa supplementation (based on dry matter) and P2 = Basal diets + 6 % alfalfa hay supplementation (based on the dry matter). Water was given ad libitum. Parameters observed were feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. This study was arranged with Completely Randomized Design. Data was analyzed with ANOVA (α=5%) using the SPSS version 22 continued with Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test if significant results were found. The results showed that basal diets and fresh alfalfa supplementation significantly affected (P<0.05) to feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Supplementation of 6 % alfalfa fresh resulted the highest body weight gain, followed by control (basal diet) and alfalfa hay. The conclusion from this study was supplementation of 6% alfalfa fresh give a better performance (body weight gain and consumption) than alfalfa hay supplementation, but not for FCR.

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Background and Aim: Understanding the phenotypic characteristics of indigenous livestock breeds is essential for their utilization and conservation. This study aimed to characterize indigenous chicken breeds in Indonesia based on phenotypic traits. Materials and Methods: Data on eight qualitative and 12 quantitative traits were recorded for 250 chickens from six breeds: Black Kedu, Gaga, Merawang, Nunukan, Pelung, and Sentul. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance to test the effect of breed on observed traits. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted separately for each chicken breed. Data on quantitative traits were subjected to Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, which was computed to test the sampling adequacy and the pattern of correlation among the traits, and Bathlett's tests were used to assess the validity of the factor analysis of each of the datasets and determine whether the partial correlations among traits were small. Results: We found considerable phenotypic variation in both qualitative and quantitative traits among indigenous chicken breeds. Multicolored plumage (96.40%), wild plumage (39.20%), gold feather flick (51.20%), yellow shank (36.80%), single comb (80.80%), red comb (94.80%), red earlobe (77.60%), and orange eyes (61.60%) were the most common features in the indigenous chickens. In addition, breed had a significant effect on all the quantitative traits that were analyzed (p<0.05). There were higher mean values for all quantitative traits for Pelung chickens than other chickens. In addition, the overall mean values for all quantitative traits in Merawang chicken were intermediate between Pelung chickens and Black Kedu, Gaga, and Nunukan chickens. The PCA showed two principal factors extracted that accounted for 77.80% and 78.38% of the total variance in the original variables for males and females, respectively. Conclusion: In general, body weight and body measurements, except wattle length, were loaded in PC1 as the primary factors responsible for the variation. The phenotypic variation observed in indigenous chickens in Indonesia could provide valuable basic information for the design of selection and genetic improvement programs.

Background: There has been great interest in the use of seaweed as a functional feed ingredient for poultry in the last decade. This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary seaweed inclusion on growth performance of broiler chickens by using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Methods: A systematic search of published research articles related to seaweed, broiler chickens, and growth performance was conducted using three online databases (Scopus, PubMed, and SciELO). Mean values, standard deviation, and sample size were extracted from each eligible study. The estimated effect size was then quantified using Hedges’ g with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Data were pooled using a fixed-effect model due to the absence of heterogeneity after being pre-checked using the I2 statistic. Results: A total of six studies (nine comparisons) involving 2,257 broiler chickens were accommodated in this study. The seaweed type consisted of seaweed blend, Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, and Ulva lactuca. The inclusion dose ranged from 2 to 30 g/kg, while the intervention duration ranged from 21 to 42 days. No substantial heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 0.00%) was found for feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Dietary seaweed had no significant effect on feed intake (Hedges’ g = 0.19; 95% CI = -0.22 to 0.60; P = 0.280). However, broiler chickens fed dietary seaweed had superior body weight gain (Hedges’ g = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.22 to 1.06; P = 0.000) and preferable feed conversion ratio (Hedges’ g = -0.53; 95% CI = -0.95 to -0.11; P = 0.004). Conclusions: The current investigation highlights that dietary seaweed had growth-promoting potency for broiler chickens. However, more research on this issue is still required to build more comprehensive evidence.

Karika (<em>Carica pubesce</em><em>ns</em>)is a typical plant of the Dieng plateau. Previous study showed that <em>Carica</em><em>pubescens</em>contains chemical compound such as flavonoid that play role in analgesic activity. This study was aimed to determine the analgesic activity of etanolic extracts of karika leaves) in vivo using writhing method. The study was conducted on 25 male mice strain Swiss-Webster (20-30 g, 2-3 months) that were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group I was given distilled water 1 mL (p.o) as negative control, group II was given tramadol 50 mg/kgBW (p.o) as positive control, and group III-V received an etanolic extracts of karika leaves in 3 doses, i.e. 20 mg/kgBW, 40 mg/kgBW, and 80 mg/kgBW (p.o), respectively. Acetic acid 0,5% (v/v) was used as pain inductor.  The writhe was observed within 1 hour. Data analysis was carried out by using one way ANOVA. The result showed that the ethanol extract of leaves Karika <em>(Carica </em><em>pubescens)</em> have activity as an analgesic at a dose of 20 mg / kg, 40 mg / kg and 80 mg / KgBW (p &lt;0.05), chemically induced, where a dose of 80 mg / KgBW (p.o) produce the most high analgesic activity.

This study aimed to determine the effect of alfalfa fresh or hay supplementation in the diets on the meat quality of hybrid duck. 75 hybrid ducks with 3 treatments and 5 replications were used in this study. Each replication consisted of 5 ducks. The diets were used in the trial consisted of P0 = Basal diets without alfalfa supplementation, P1 = Basal diets + 6% fresh alfalfa supplementation and P2 = Basal diets + 6% alfalfa hay supplementation. Either fresh or hay alfalfa was computed based on dry matter. Drinking water was given in ad libitum. Parameters observed were live weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, and income. This study was designed with Completely Randomized Design. Data collected were analyzed (Anova) with Statistical Product for Service Solution version 22. Duncan’s new Multiple Range Test was used in the analysis with significant results. Supplementation of 6% fresh and hay alfalfa did not increase live weight, carcass weight and carcass percentage of hybrid duck until the age of 35 days. However, supplementation of alfalfa (fresh or hay) can reduce the feed cost, thus giving impact to income. The highest income was earned from the duck with 6% alfalfa hay supplementation followed by 6% alfalfa fresh and control. It is recommended to sell the live weight of 35 days harvested duck instead of the carcass to raise the income.

Introduction: Mountain papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) and bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) fruit extract have total flavonoids and some metabolite from its contains. The use of a single dose in the treatment of diabetes is often considered to lack a strong effect. Giving a combination of the compound is a solution to provide a synergistic effect in treatment. Material and Methods: Rat were divided into eight groups (normal, negative control, glibenclamide as a positive control, and five dose extract group). The single dose mountain papaya extract (MPE) and bitter melon extract (BME) were given at 174 mg/kg b.w of MPE, and 380 mg/kg b.w of BME in oral administration.

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different feed forms on small intestine histomorphology of broiler chicken at 35 days of age. A total of 72 unsexed New-Lohman broiler chicks was placed into three treatments with three replications of 8 chicks. Feed treatments were given in two phases: 0-21 days and 22-35 days. The treatments group consisted of T1 (0-21 days: mash form, 22-35 days: mash form, defined as mash: mash), T2 and T3 were crumble:crumble and crumble: pellet form, respectively. Parameters evaluated were small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) histomorphology (villus height, villus width, crypt depth, and villus height to crypt depth ratio), as well as their weight (g) and length (cm). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Villus height, crypt depth, and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and jejunum of T1 were lower than T2 and T3. The length and weight of duodenum and jejunum of T2 and T3 were higher than T1. It can be concluded that broilers fed by crumble: crumble and crumble: pellet form could improve the development of small intestine as well as its histomorphology.