BackgroundJapanese encephalitis has become a public health threat in Indonesia. Three genotypes have been recorded in Indonesia, i.e. genotype II (GII), genotype III (GIII) and genotype IV (GIV). Genotype I (GI) and genotype V (GV) have never been reported in Indonesia.ResultsA Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) belonging to the genotype I-a (GI-a) has been isolated for the first time from a Culex gelidus mosquito in the Province of Jambi, Indonesia. This virus is related to a 1983 isolate from Thailand whereas the infected Cx. gelidus mosquito belonged to a Chinese haplotype.ConclusionsSurveillance of JEV and mosquito dissemination is recommended.

Malaria is one of the serious diseases in Indonesia and is the target of Central Java Provincial Government in Malaria Elimination Program. One attempt to eliminated malaria is by knowing the vector bionomics, Anopheles spp as the basis of the policy control. The research was conducted in the location indicated by malaria case in Wagirpandan Village, Rowokele District Kebumen Regency. The study was conducted in two sampling sites, taking samples of adult mosquitoes and larvae. Environmental parameters observed include pH, temperature, rainfall and humidity and vegetation. The results of  this study found seven species which  were Anopheles aconitus, An. Annularis, Anopheles barbirostris, An. balabacencis, An. kochi, An. maculatus. An. vagus. The peak activity of the blood sucking of Anopheles spp around 08.00-09.00; 10.00-11.00 pm and 04.00 – 05.00 am outside the house and cattle pens. The proportions of parous mosquitoes are caught 42,8% in Cuntelan and 69,49% in Borang. All mosquito except An. Annularis and An. Kochi found were confirmed as malaria vectors.

Dengue fever (DF) is a health problem in Indonesia. The spread of DF occurs through mosquito vectors. Vector control is one of important methods in dengue prevention. However, the occurence of insecticide resistance leads the need of new inovation of botanical insecticide, such tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L). The research aimed to know larvicidal effectivity of tobacco extracts against Aedes aegypti larvae, and also analyzed nicotine content of tobacco leaves which collected from three sites: Semarang, Temanggung, and Kendal; used  experimental design and carried out on March-December 2013. Tobacco leaves was extracted with etanol then tested to Aedes aegypti 3rd instar larvae. The results showed that tobacco leaves from Temanggung was the most active as larvicides, then were followed from Semarang and Kendal. The analysis result showed that to reach 90% death from total number of larvae samples (LD90), required tobacco extract of Kendal at concentration 447ppm, Semarang 241 ppm, and Temanggung 212 ppm. Larvicidal effects of tobacco leaves extract was unproportional to the content of nicotine, such as Semarang (4,69%), Temanggung (3,61%), and Kendal (1,85%).

Chikungunya is repeatedly affecting Indonesia through successive outbreaks. The Asian genotype has been present in Asia since the late 1950s while the ECSA-IOL (East/Central/South Africa - Indian Ocean Lineage) genotype invaded Asia in 2005. In order to determine the extension of the circulation of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Indonesia, mosquitoes were collected in 28 different sites from 12 Indonesian provinces in 2016-2017. The E1 subunit of the CHIKV envelope gene was sequenced while mosquitoes were genotyped using the mitochondrial cox1 (cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1) gene to determine whether a specific population was involved in the vectoring of CHIKV. A total of 37 CHIKV samples were found in 28 Aedes aegypti, 8 Aedes albopictus and 1 Aedes butleri out of 15,362 samples collected and tested. These viruses, like all Indonesian CHIKV since 2000, belonged to a genotype we propose to call the Asian-Pacific genotype. It also comprises the Yap isolates and viruses having emerged in Polynesia, the Caribbean and South America. They differ from the CHIKV of the Asian genotype found earlier in Indonesia indicating a replacement. These results raise the question of the mechanisms behind this fast and massive replacement.

Kecoa merupakan serangga yang merugikan karena berperan sebagai vektor mekanis. Penularan penyakit dapat terjadi melalui bakteri atau kuman penyakit yang terdapat pada sampah atau sisa makanan. Kuman tersebut terbawa oleh kaki atau bagian tubuh lainnya dari kecoa, kemudian mengontaminasi makanan. Ekstrak etanol akar tuba efektif dalam mengurangi populasi serangga pengganggu, pembunuh ikan di tambak dan mengurangi populasi tikus. Berdasarkan fakta tersebut, perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai efektivitas dari akar tuba membunuh kecoa. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Oktober tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan 7 konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, dan 13 g/100 ml. Ekstraksi etanol akar tuba menggunakan metode maserasi. Ketujuh ekstrak diencerkan dengan media air kemudian disemprotkan menggunakan alat sprayer biasa pada seluruh bagian tubuh luar kecoa. Pengamatan dilakukan pada jam ke-1, ke-2, ke-3, ke-4, ke-5, ke-6 dan ke-48. Analisis data menggunakan regresi probit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ekstrak etanol akar tumbuhan tuba (Derris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth) efektif mematikan Periplaneta americana dengan  LC50  pada konsentrasi 3 mg/100 ml dan LC90 adalah 10,306 mg/100 ml, sedangkan LT50 7 jam  dan LT90 adalah 11 jam. Ekstrak etanol akar tumbuhan tuba (Derris elliptica (Roxb.) Benth) dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alternatif insektisida alami yang dapat membunuh kecoa P. americana.