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This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the games experience learning-based training against teamwork, respect attitude, skills, and physical ability of young footballers. Materials and methods. Participants consisted of young male football players who had participated in matches at the district, provincial and national levels. The number of participants involved amounted to 46 divided into control and intervention groups of 23 parties each. Footballers aged 10-12 years old have a height of 140.98 ± 7.23 cm, an average body weight of 34.33 ± 8.64 kg. Instruments in this study consist of instruments to measure teamwork and respect attitude in the form of expert validated observation rubrics, passing, and dribbling skill tests, 30-meter sprints, vertical jumps, and multistage fitness tests to measure physical ability of speed, leg power, and aerobic endurance.  Results. Descriptive data showed mean values and standard deviations of control and intervention groups there were differences, the intervention group had a mean value and better deviation standards, while the hypothesis test using the Mann-Whitney test obtained a teamwork attitude score of 0.039 <0.05; respect attitude of 0.009 <0.05; passing skills of 0.039 <0.05; dribbling skills of 0.000 <0.05; speed ability of 0.004 <0.05; leg power of 0.002 <0.05; Endurance of 0.020 <0.05. That from the significance value of the control and intervention group (p < 0.05) it can be concluded that the variables of teamwork, respect attitude, passing, dribbling, speed, power, and endurance on the posttest value are not the same and the average value of all variables descriptively the intervention group has a higher average value. Conclusions. There is a significant influence statistical analysis on teamwork, respect attitude, skill techniques, and physical ability for young football players thus training with the game experience learning model can be one solution to improve the performance of youth football.

Background: Kumite is a physical contact fight in a karate match characterized by short explosive and intermittent movements. Kumite needs endurance, power, and agility. To achieve optimal performance, special training must be programmed. Purpose: This study aims to test the content validity of the HIIT training program that was created in a special preparation to improve the dominant motor components, namely endurance, power, and agility in the performance of Kumite athletes. Methods: This is development research with a quantitative approach. This research was carried out in 3 stages. The first stage was to analyze journals, eBooks, and textbooks to design a HIIT program. This was followed by the second stage in the form of the Delphi technique by meeting directly with experts to conduct an assessment of the HIIT program created. The third stage is data analysis using the content validity ratio (CVR) formula to test content validity. Participants consisted of 10 experts and documents. Results: The results of the content validity test using the content validity ratio (CVR) formula found that all assessment items from 10 experts showed CVR values of 0.8 and 1.00. In other words, the assessment results can be categorized as having high content validity. Conclusion:The HIIT training program in special preparation to improve the dominant biomotor components of endurance, power, and agility developed by the author has high content validity so it is suitable for use in karate athletes, especially Kumite.

Background: “Exercise is an activity to improve technical and physical competence of athletes”, most sports require an excellent physical aspect to win. Aerobic endurance is an essential point in the preparation of a wheelchair tennis training program. Aim: This research is to validate the circuit training program and test the exercise program on the aerobic endurance of wheelchair tennis athletes. Method: This research is development research with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Participants are wheelchair tennis athletes with ten males and four females, height 156-167± cm, weight 50-70± kg, age 31-35. Participants in the program validation were seven nationally licensed physical fitness trainers. The first stage qualitatively examines documents in articles, ebooks, textbooks to design the program. The second stage quantitatively applies the Delphi technique to assess the prepared training program. The third stage analyzes the assessment results with the content validity ratio formula and, the fourth stage tests the exercise program for six weeks. The instrument used is a multistage fitness test. Results: It has been found that the assessment items from seven experts show the content validity ratio value is 1.00, so it can be categorized as having good content validity. It has been found the mean posttest (N=14, M=249.14, SD=16.033) and posttest (N=14, M=241.71, SD=17.166). It has been found that hypothesis testing using paired samples t-test analysis (p=0.000<0.05). Conclusion: the circuit training exercise program has good validity, then based on the effectiveness test, there is an increase in the aerobic endurance of wheelchair tennis athletes.

Background: Kata is a series of moves competed in karate that require agility in its movements. Purpose: This research aimed to determine the validity and reliability of karate agility test in kata category. Method: This was a developmental research. The data were collected using the Delphi technique, involving 7 experts and test-retest. The participants were 20 karate aged at least 20 years old who have practiced karate for 6 years and have won regional competitions. This was to determine the test of empirical validity and reliability. The content validity was calculated using the Aiken formula, the empirical validity was calculated using Pearson Product Moment, while the reliability was calculated using the Cronbach Alpha. Results: The results showed that the karate agility test in kata category had high validity and reliability. The Aiken results were as follows: Item (1) size has fit the karate in kata category with a value of V 0.85; Item (2) distance between cones has fit with a value of V 0.80; Item (3) equipment has fit with a value of V 0.80; Item (4) number of test repetitions has fit with a value of V 0.80; Item (5) test procedure has fit with a value of V 0.80; Item (6) safe instrument has fit with a value of V 0.85; Item (7) agility has fit with a value of V 0.85; Item (8) score taking has fit with a value of V 0.80. The results of Pearson product moment r-table were 0.444, r-count (test 1) was 0.927, r-count (test 2) was 0.903, significance was 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the agility test can be used to measure the karate agility in kata category.

Background: Walking exercise is a physical activity that stimulates various components of physical fitness. Particularly in the elderly, it improves blood circulation, strengthens bones, lowers blood pressure and glucose. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of walking exercise on blood pressure and blood glucose in the elderly. Method: This research was experimental research that used a quantitative approach. Participants were elderly aged 60 years with a history of hypertension and high blood glucose. The samples in this study were 34 people who were determined based on a simple random sampling technique. The experimental group was given physical activity treatment for walking 3x a week with mild to moderate intensity for 60 minutes for three weeks. The control group did not participate in any treatment. The walking program took place outside on a 1 mile/1,609 meter track. Before beginning the exercise program, participants should warm up for 5-10 minutes with a leisurely walk. In this case, the participant’s mileage is 1 mile. The instrument used to measure blood pressure in this study was an aneroid sphygmomanometer, while a glucometer was used to measure blood glucose levels. Results: This study found that: Based on the Mann-Whitney test, it showed that there was a significant effect of walking exercise on decreasing systolic blood pressure (p 0.005), diastolic blood pressure (p 0.018), and reducing blood sugar (p 0.031). Conclusion: Walking exercise has a significant effect on blood pressure and blood glucose in the elderly.

The study purpose. This study aims to determine the level of understanding of the pedagogical competence ofPhysical Education, Health and Recreation students of the Faculty of Sports Science, Yogyakarta State University, batch 2016. Materials and methods. This research method is a survey with a quantitative descriptive approach. The population is 180 physical education students, the sample selection is 52 physical education students using incidental sampling technique. The research instrument is a valid and reliable questionnaire. The data analysis technique is the analysis presented using the percentage. Results. The results obtained show that the level of understanding of the pedagogic competence of Physical Education, Health and Recreation students of the Faculty of Sports Science, Yogyakarta State University, class 2016 was “very low” 3.85% (2 students), “low” 67.31% (35 students), “medium” 19.23% (10 students), “high” 9.62% (5 students) and “very high” 0% (0 students). Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the level of understanding of the pedagogic competence of Physical Education students is in the low category.

Mastering freestyle swimming focuses on increasing the swimming speed in order to complete the swimming distance in the shortest time. Because training for freestyle swimming must be carefully programmed and is progressive-based, this study is set to investigate the effect of small game exercises on freestyle swimming speed among the sport science student of Halu Oleo University. This study uses an experimental method with the one group pretest-posttest design. The population of this study consists of 10 students of Halu Oleo University Sport Science Student taken by simple random sampling. The instruments used were equipment for small games and exercises in the techniques of feet, hands, breath and freestyle swimming coordination. Samples of swimming exercises were speed records with a frequency of 3 times a week and carried out for 6 weeks. The results of the normality and homogeneity test data analysis showed a significance value of p > 0.05, which means that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. T-test results showed a significance value of p > 0.05 with a calculated F value of 63.119 and an F table of 5.296, it can be concluded that there was a significant effect of small game training on the freestyle swimming speed for Sport Science Student of Halu Oleo University.