This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the games experience learning-based training against teamwork, respect attitude, skills, and physical ability of young footballers. Materials and methods. Participants consisted of young male football players who had participated in matches at the district, provincial and national levels. The number of participants involved amounted to 46 divided into control and intervention groups of 23 parties each. Footballers aged 10-12 years old have a height of 140.98 ± 7.23 cm, an average body weight of 34.33 ± 8.64 kg. Instruments in this study consist of instruments to measure teamwork and respect attitude in the form of expert validated observation rubrics, passing, and dribbling skill tests, 30-meter sprints, vertical jumps, and multistage fitness tests to measure physical ability of speed, leg power, and aerobic endurance.  Results. Descriptive data showed mean values and standard deviations of control and intervention groups there were differences, the intervention group had a mean value and better deviation standards, while the hypothesis test using the Mann-Whitney test obtained a teamwork attitude score of 0.039 <0.05; respect attitude of 0.009 <0.05; passing skills of 0.039 <0.05; dribbling skills of 0.000 <0.05; speed ability of 0.004 <0.05; leg power of 0.002 <0.05; Endurance of 0.020 <0.05. That from the significance value of the control and intervention group (p < 0.05) it can be concluded that the variables of teamwork, respect attitude, passing, dribbling, speed, power, and endurance on the posttest value are not the same and the average value of all variables descriptively the intervention group has a higher average value. Conclusions. There is a significant influence statistical analysis on teamwork, respect attitude, skill techniques, and physical ability for young football players thus training with the game experience learning model can be one solution to improve the performance of youth football.

Background: One of the most popular extracurricular activities at school is football. However, extracurricular activities have been temporarily suspended due to the COVID-19 outbreak, which on the other hand will affect students' physical abilities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical condition of students which included speed, endurance, agility, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 15 male students aged 14-15 years with a weight of 51-71± kg and a height of 157-173± cm. Material and method: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a survey approach. The instruments used include a multistage fitness test, a 30-meter sprint, and a shuttle run. Data were analyzed based on percentage data analysis and the Wilcoxon test. Result: The Wilcoxon test results on the speed test showed sig (2 tailed) 0.826> 0.05, endurance test 0.001 < 0.05, and agility test 0.033 > 0.05. If categorized, the overall percentage results on the physical condition of students have not been included in the "good" category. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that physical condition tests before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, both fall into the "poor" and "very poor" categories. Furthermore, tests carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced a higher percentage decline compared to tests before the COVID-19 pandemic. The research results obtained can thus be used as material for evaluation and improvement for teachers, coaches, and extracurricular football students, especially training related to improving physical condition so that better results can be obtained in the future.

The study purpose was to determine the effect of a comprehensive teaching learning-based training model on the skills and social attitudes of young football players. Materials and methods. This is an experimental study with a sample of 36 male football athletes aged 10-12 years. Samples are players who registered and trained at the Real Madrid Foundation Yogyakarta football school. Samples attended training with a frequency of 3x/week with a minimum attendance of 80% in 20 weeks and were selected to participate in district or provincial football competitions. The instrument used for measuring football technical skills was the David Lee test, and for social attitudes the Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior Sport Scale (PABSS) questionnaire was used. The data analysis technique was the paired sample t-test. Results. The results showed that the comprehensive teaching learning-based training model affected the skills and social attitudes of young football players. In the 10 year age group, there was an influence on skills of 1.497 and social behavior of 2.750, which means that it is influential. In the 11 year age group, it was found that the effect on skills was 0.506 and social behavior was -2.812, which means that there was no effect on social behavior. In the 12 year age group, it was found that the effect on skills was 0.19 and social behavior was 1.148, which meant that it affected. Conclusions. Young football coaches can make a comprehensive teaching learning-based training model as a choice of strategies in the development of performance skills and personality.

Adaptive physical education is a type of physical education geared toward children with special needs, such as intellectual disabilities. Of course, there must be an assessment in learning to see if the results taught from the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor perspectives were achieved. The goal of this research was to learn more about how physical education learning outcomes were assessed in schools for students with intellectual disabilities in Semarang. The research method used was descriptive. This method aims to describe the events and circumstances that occurred. The research approach used was qualitative. Data were gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation. The informant for this study was a Semarang-based special school teacher (SLB) who teaches physical education classes. The findings revealed that teachers had difficulty making assessments for mentally retarded students even though the assessment was still conducted as it should. It was determined that the teacher conducted a cognitive, affective, and psychomotor assessment of physical education learning and modified the assessment indicators to find appropriate standards. Meanwhile, the assessment was carried out based on the students' abilities.

Muscle fatigue often occurs when a person performs a maximal activity. However, some substances are believed to be able to improve exercise performance and control energy due to muscle fatigue called ergogenic substances. Ergogenic substances that are not included in the doping category are theobromine and caffeine. Unfortunately, there are very few exercise studies examining theobromine and caffeine, so further testing to prove their benefits is still needed. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the administration of ergogenic theobromine and caffeine after the maximum activity so that a decrease in lactic acid levels can be found. This research is an experimental study with laboratory testing and is carried out based on a random control posttest approach. Sampling was done by using the total sampling technique. The research sample was 18 male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months with a weight of 150-250 grams. Samples were divided into 3 groups consisting of the control group, theobromine group, and the caffeine group. The instrument for taking blood samples is accutrend plus. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The hypothesis was tested using One Way Anova with the help of SPSS 16. The tests carried out found that the average values of the control group, theobromine, and caffeine were 5.2, 4.9, and 4.2, respectively. The results of the hypothesis test showed that the significance value obtained was 0.35 > 0.05 which indicated that the hypothesis was rejected. In conclusion, the administration of ergogenic theobromine and caffeine did not give a significant difference in reducing lactic acid levels. This invention can thus be used as a reference for athletes not to use these substances to reduce fatigue and increase energy.