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Sleep problems are prominent and pervasive clinical issues experienced by many people with psychotic disorders, often causing distress and functional impairment. Sleep problems are also related to psychosis-like experiences (PLE; non-diagnosable phenomenon such as transient perceptual disturbances, unusual thoughts, periodic suspiciousness) in epidemiological studies. Prior studies in this field have used brief measures that precluded the ability to test (1) whether risk for psychosis-like experiences are related to specific sub-types of sleep disturbance, and (2) whether sleep disturbance is specifically related to clinically significant (i.e., distressing) psychosis-like experiences. The current project examined the relation between specific sleep issues, and PLEs and distress associated with PLEs, in a college sample. Participants (N=420) completed the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B), which assesses PLEs and associated distress, and the Iowa Sleep Disturbances Inventory - extended version (ISDI-E), which assesses thirteen separate disturbed sleep domains. Symptoms of fragmented sleep, sleep hallucinations, and night anxiety significantly correlated with PLEs, and several sleep domains were significantly associated with PLE-related distress.

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Although causality cannot be determined based on this study, a strong relation between symptom distress and stigma was found among those reporting low peer social support. Interventions that target both self-stigma and social support might be relevant for young adults with a history of mental health concerns who currently endorse subthreshold psychotic symptoms.

The eastern part of the Tennessee Valley of the Valley and Ridge is underlain by Ordovician limestone and thin siliciclastic rocks interbedded with limestone. The sandy and shaly beds underlie linear hills with relief ranging from about 900 ft to 1400 ft (274 to 427 m) on Bays Mountain. The dominant surficial deposits are broad alluvial flood plains, fluvial terraces, and local areas of residuum. Sinkholes also are common. Surficial Deposits preserved in "The Glades", where no modern drainage exists. The earlier north-flowing drainage was captured by Dunn Creek, which flows west to Gatlinburg, leaving "the Glades" as an abandoned "dry" valley. On terraces near Pigeon Forge, TN, cobbles and pebbles of coarse metasandstone derived from the highlands were transported a distance of more than 7 miles (12 km). Upper level terraces (QTt) are cut into bedrock as much as 200 ft (61 m) above current stream levels. Much of the unconsolidated deposits once lying on the bedrock have been eroded away, leaving a few remnant boulders and cobbles on the flat area. Upper level terraces occur along the Tuckasegee River between Ela and Bryson City, NC, along Little River in Tuckaleechee Cove, and along West Prong of the Little Pigeon River and Little Pigeon River, between Pigeon Forge and Sevierville, TN.

Potential benefits and implications of the measure to improving the accuracy of stigma measurement are discussed.