Geologic Map of the Frederick 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia

Southworth, Scott; Brezinski, David K.; Drake, Avery Ala; Burton, William C.; Orndorff, Randall C.; Froelich, A.J.; Reddy, James E.; Denenny, Danielle; Daniels, David L.

doi:10.3133/sim2889

Cited by 5 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Crystal Rock watershed was 42% impervious in 2013 and was largely urbanized by the 1990s when conventional stormwater management was in use (Rhea et al , ). All three watersheds fall within the Piedmont physiographic province and are generally underlain by metamorphic rock (metasiltstone) with granular quartzite of the Marburg Formation (Southworth et al , ). The normal annual precipitation is 1178 mm at a nearby National Climatic Data Center site (DAMASCUS 3 SSW, MD US GHCND: USC00182336), and the climate is characterized as humid subtropical with year‐round precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Urban base flow with low impact development

Bhaskar

Hogan

Archfield

2016

Hydrological Processes

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Abstract:A novel form of urbanization, low impact development (LID), aims to engineer systems that replicate natural hydrologic functioning, in part by infiltrating stormwater close to the impervious surfaces that generate it. We sought to statistically evaluate changes in a base flow regime because of urbanization with LID, specifically changes in base flow magnitude, seasonality, and rate of change. We used a case study watershed in Clarksburg, Maryland, in which streamflow was monitored during whole-watershed urbanization from forest and agricultural to suburban residential development using LID. The 1.11-km 2 watershed contains 73 infiltration-focused stormwater facilities, including bioretention facilities, dry wells, and dry swales. We examined annual and monthly flow during and after urbanization (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014) and compared alterations to nearby forested and urban control watersheds. We show that total streamflow and base flow increased in the LID watershed during urbanization as compared with control watersheds. The LID watershed had more gradual storm recessions after urbanization and attenuated seasonality in base flow. These flow regime changes may be because of a reduction in evapotranspiration because of the overall decrease in vegetative cover with urbanization and the increase in point sources of recharge. Precipitation that may once have infiltrated soil, been stored in soil moisture to be eventually transpired in a forested landscape, may now be recharged and become base flow. The transfer of evapotranspiration to base flow is an unintended consequence to the water balance of LID.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Urban base flow with low impact development

Bhaskar

Hogan

Archfield

2016

Hydrological Processes

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“…The climate in the study area, Clarksburg, Maryland, USA (Figure ), is humid subtropical with an average 1,178 mm of rain per year. The study area is in the Piedmont physiographic province and is underlain by metamorphic rock (metasiltstone) with granular quartzite of the Marburg Formation (Southworth et al, ). The study area was previously agricultural and forested and between 2002 and 2010 was converted to residential suburban development with 30% impervious surface cover (Bhaskar, Hogan, & Archfield, ; Hogan, Jarnagin, Loperfido, & Van Ness, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater recharge amidst focused stormwater infiltration

Bhaskar

Hogan

Nimmo

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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Distributed, infiltration‐based approaches to stormwater management are being implemented to mitigate effects of urban development on water resources. One of the goals of this type of storm water management, sometimes called low impact development or green infrastructure, is to maintain groundwater recharge and stream base flow at predevelopment levels. However, the connection between infiltration‐based stormwater management and groundwater recharge is not straightforward. Water infiltrated through stormwater facilities may be stored in soil moisture, taken up by evapotranspiration or contribute to recharge and eventually base flow. This study focused on a 1.1 km2 suburban, low impact development watershed in Clarksburg, Maryland, USA, that was urbanized and contained 73 infiltration‐based stormwater facilities. Continuous water table measurements were used to quantify the movement of infiltrated stormwater. Time series analyses were performed on hydrographs of 7 wells, and the episodic master recession method was used. Persistence in water levels, as measured by autocorrelation function, was found to be positively related to depth to water. Storm properties (precipitation rate and duration) and well location (proximity to the nearest stream) were significant in driving episodic recharge to precipitation ratios. The well that had the highest recharge to precipitation ratios and water table rises of up to 1.5 m in response to storm events was located furthest from the stream and down gradient of stormwater infiltration locations. This work may be considered in evaluating the effects of planned watershed‐scale infiltration‐based stormwater management on groundwater flow systems.

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“…Rift or passive margin sedimentary rocks enclose the Catoctin Formation. All Blue Ridge Province rocks in the vicinity of our study area were metamorphosed to lower greenschist facies during late Paleozoic time (e.g., Kunk and Burton, 1999;Bailey et al, 2006;Southworth et al, 2007Southworth et al, , 2009. The Piedmont Province lies directly east of the Blue Ridge Province across the Bull Run Mountain fault (Fig.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Accretion of these terranes caused orogeny on the eastern margin of Laurentia, documented by deformation, metamorphism, magmatism, and basin formation in the northern and southern Appalachians. Piedmont rocks of the central Appalachians also record early Paleozoic deformation, metamorphism, and magmatism (Drake, 1985bAleinikoff et al, 2002;Kunk et al, 2005;Southworth et al, 2007;Horton et al, 2010;Wintsch et al, 2010). However, current syntheses do not show Gondwanan terranes exposed in the central Appalachian Piedmont Province, raising the question, What was the tectonic cause of early Paleozoic orogeny in the central Appalachians?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Both the locations of terrane boundaries and the depositional ages are important for regional correlations and for understanding the tectonic evolution of this portion of the Appalachian orogen. For example, the Sams Creek Formation and surrounding rocks in the western Piedmont of Maryland were thought to have been deposited in the latest Neoproterozoic to early Cambrian (Southworth et al, 2007), but Graybill et al (2012) suggested deposition in the earliest Neoproterozoic. This depositional age revision changes the interpreted tectonic setting from a basin produced by well-known rifting of eastern Laurentia ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laurentian and Amazonian sediment sources to Neoproterozoic–lower Paleozoic Maryland Piedmont rocks

et al. 2015

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Several terranes of variable tectonic affinity and history underlie the central Appalachian Piedmont Province (eastern United States). These terranes mostly consist of widespread metasedimentary and lesser metavolcanic rocks. Intense and pervasive deformation and metamorphism have made the depositional ages and provenance of sediment in these rocks difficult to determine. The lack of tight constraints on such basic information led to a century-long debate about the tectonic significance of these rocks, particularly how they correlate to similar rocks along and across strike in the Appalachian orogen. We address these issues using U/Pb isotopic ages from single spots in 2433 zircon grains from 18 metasedimentary rock samples distributed across the Maryland Piedmont. The resulting age signatures indicate that the Marburg Formation and Pretty boy Schist, heretofore assigned to the Westminster terrane, actually belong to the Potomac terrane, making the Hyattstown thrust the contact between the two terranes. Ediacaran Laurentia could have supplied all Potomac terrane sediment except for the detritus in one sample from the northern part of the terrane that likely came from Amazonia. This is one of the first recognitions of a Gondwana-derived terrane between Carolinia to the south and Ganderia to the north. Maximum depositional ages for Potomac terrane suprasubduction zone sedimentary rocks are latest Neoproterozoic or early Cambrian, and some may have been deposited ca. 510 Ma. Continental rifting ended ca. 560 Ma at the longitude of our study, so the transition from rifting to subduction at this location in eastern Laurentia may have lasted only 50 M.y. Lower Ordovician arc intrusions into these rocks demonstrate that the transition lasted no longer than 90 M.y. The Iapetan margin of central-eastern Laurentia was one of the shortest lived passive margins that formed in Neoproterozoic time.

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Geologic Map of the Frederick 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia

Cited by 5 publications

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Urban base flow with low impact development

Urban base flow with low impact development

Groundwater recharge amidst focused stormwater infiltration

Laurentian and Amazonian sediment sources to Neoproterozoic–lower Paleozoic Maryland Piedmont rocks

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