The Amazon is the primary source of Neotropical diversity and a nexus for discussions on processes that drive biotic diversification. Biogeographers have focused on the roles of rivers and Pleistocene climate change in explaining high rates of speciation. We combine phylogeographic and niche-based paleodistributional projections for 23 upland terra firme forest bird lineages from across the Amazon to derive a new model of regional biological diversification. We found that climate-driven refugial dynamics interact with dynamic riverine barriers to produce a dominant pattern: Older lineages in the wetter western and northern parts of the Amazon gave rise to lineages in the drier southern and eastern parts. This climate/drainage basin evolution interaction links landscape dynamics with biotic diversification and explains the east-west diversity gradients across the Amazon.

Caracterização química de frutos nativos do cerrado RESUMO

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O baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), fruto típico do Cerrado, é utilizado na produção de barras de cereais, biscoitos, licores e outros pratos típicos da gastronomia regional goiana. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as características físicas, químicas e a aceitabilidade de paçocas elaboradas com amêndoas de baru. A paçoca controle foi processada com amendoim e as paçocas testes com proporções de amendoim e amêndoa de baru de 75:25, 50:50 e 25:75, respectivamente. As paçocas elaboradas foram submetidas a análises sensorial, física e da composição centesimal. A amêndoa de baru torrada apresentou maior teor de fibras e cinzas, quando comparada ao amendoim torrado. O aumento do percentual de amêndoa de baru nas paçocas reduziu o teor de lipídios, o valor energético total e a aceitação global e elevou a concentração de fibras. A massa, diâmetro e espessura das paçocas não se alteraram, com a substituição parcial de amendoim por amêndoa de baru. Paçocas com 25% de amêndoa de baru tiveram o melhor desempenho, com relação à aceitação global, e apresentaram a menor densidade energética e maior concentração de fibra alimentar total, em comparação à paçoca tradicionalmente elaborada com amendoim.

Introduction. Chagas' disease is one of the most important causes of dilated cardiomyopathy in South and Central America. It is an inflammatory cardiomyopathy. We wanted to investigate whether it could have the same response to aldosterone antagonism as demonstrated before in other dilated cardiomyopathies. Objective. To evaluate the role of spironolactone in myocardial remodelling in a Chagas' cardiomyopathy model. Material and Methods. We studied 60 Sirius Hamsters divided into: control (C) infected (Inf) and Inf plus spironolactone (Infsp, 40 mg/kg/day) groups, for 11 months. Echocardiography with colour doppler was performed. Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), fractional shortening (FS) and corrected isovolumic relaxation time (IRT) were evaluated, as well as interstitial collagen volume fraction (ICVF) and myocardial inflammation. Result. The results demonstrated that survival was improved by use of spironolactone in the chronic phase (p<0.04). Body weight (BW) was C:190 g, Inf:167 g*, Infsp:198 g (*p<0.05, compared to C and Infsp), LVEDD/BW was C:0.31, Inf: 0.35*, Infsp: 0.29 (*p<0.05, compared to C and Infsp), FS was C:38, Inf: 35.5, Infsp: 38 (with no statistical difference) and IRT was C: 23 msec, Inf: 26 msec*, Infsp: 22 msec (p<0.05, compared to C and Infsp). ICVF (%) was attenuated at LV (C: 0.34±0.1, Inf: 1.75±0.7*†, Infsp: 0.95±0.2*; *p<0.05, †p<0.05). Conclusion. Spironolactone attenuated the myocardial remodelling in Chagas' cardiomyopathy, reduced mortality during the chronic phase and reduced inflammatory infiltration.

In recent years, different cultural institutions have made efforts to spread culture through the construction of a unique search interface that integrates their digital objects and facilitates data retrieval for lay users. However, integrating cultural data is not a trivial task; therefore, this work performs a systematic literature review on data aggregation workflows, in order to answer five questions: What are the projects? What are the planned steps? Which technologies are used? Are the steps performed manually, automatically, or semi-automatically? Which perform semantic search? The searches were carried out in three databases: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Scopus and Web of Science. In Q01, 12 projects were selected. In Q02, 9 stages were identified: Harvesting, Ingestion, Mapping, Indexing, Storing, Monitoring, Enriching, Displaying, and Publishing LOD. In Q03, 19 different technologies were found it. In Q04, we identified that most of the solutions are semiautomatic and, in Q05, that most of them perform a semantic search. The analysis of the workflows allowed us to identify that there is no consensus regarding the stages, their nomenclatures, and technologies, besides presenting superficial discussions. But it allowed to identify the main steps for the implementation of the aggregation of cultural data.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the behavior of the bioactive compounds during the physiological development of the early Isabel grape cultivar (Vitis labrusca L), cultivated in the Brazilian savanna, with a view to future applications. This is a quantitative study carried out in the field and in the laboratory.The physical and chemical characterization was performed total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and the profile of the phenolic compounds by HPLC. The physical and chemical transformations of the berries were much more intense as from 60 DAA. The seeds presented high antioxidant potential in two analyzed methods. Three were phenolic compounds identified, chlorogenic acid being present in the berries, skins and pulps, catechin being present in the largest amounts, followed by epicatechin, present in the seeds. Such knowledge is important for future extractions and applications in foods and cosmetics.

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