In this work we discuss a new SU (3)C ⊗ SU (3)L ⊗ U (1)X ⊗ U (1)N (3-3-1-1) gauge model that overhauls the theoretical and phenomenological aspects of the known 3-3-1 models. Additionally, we sift the outcome of the 3-3-1-1 model from precise electroweak bounds to dark matter observables. We firstly advocate that if the B − L number is conserved as the electric charge, the extension of the standard model gauge symmetry to the 3-3-1-1 one provides a minimal, self-contained framework that unifies all the weak, electromagnetic and B − L interactions, apart from the strong interaction. The W -parity (similar to the R-parity) arises as a remnant subgroup of the broken 3-3-1-1 symmetry. The mass spectra of the scalar and gauge sectors are diagonalized when the scale of the 3-3-1-1 breaking is compatible to that of the ordinary 3-3-1 breaking. All the interactions of the gauge bosons with the fermions and scalars are obtained. The standard model Higgs (H) and gauge (Z) bosons are realized at the weak scales with consistent masses despite of their mixings with the heavier particles, respectively. The 3-3-1-1 model provides two dark matters which are stabilized by the W -parity conservation: one fermion which may be either a Majorana or Dirac fermion and one complex scalar. We conclude that in the fermion dark matter setup the Z2 gauge boson resonance sets the dark matter observables, whereas in the scalar one the Higgs portal dictates them. The standard model GIM mechanism works in the model because of the W -parity conservation. Hence, the dangerous flavor changing neutral currents due to the ordinary and exotic quark mixing are suppressed, while those coming from the non-universal couplings of the Z2 and ZN gauge bosons are easily evaded. Indeed, the K 0 −K 0 and B 0 s −B 0 s mixings limit mZ 2,N > 2.037 TeV and mZ 2,N > 2.291 TeV, respectively, while the LEPII searches provide a quite close bound mZ 2,N > 2.737 TeV. The violation of the CKM unitarity due to the loop effects of the Z2 and ZN gauge bosons is negligible.

We show that, in frameworks of the economical 3-3-1 model, all fermions get masses. At the tree level, one up-quark and two down-quarks are massless, but the one-loop corrections give all quarks the consistent masses. This conclusion is in contradiction to the previous analysis in which, the third scalar triplet has been introduced. This result is based on the key properties of the model: First, there are three quite different scales of vacuum expectation values: $\om \sim {\cal O}(1) \mathrm{TeV}, v \approx 246 \mathrm{GeV}$ and $ u \sim {\cal O}(1) \mathrm{GeV}$. Second, there exist two types of Yukawa couplings with different strengths: the lepton-number conserving couplings $h$'s and the lepton-number violating ones $s$'s satisfying the condition in which the second are much smaller than the first ones: $ s \ll h$. With the acceptable set of parameters, numerical evaluation shows that in this model, masses of the exotic quarks also have different scales, namely, the $U$ exotic quark ($q_U = 2/3$) gains mass $m_U \approx 700 $ GeV, while the $D_\al$ exotic quarks ($q_{D_\al} = -1/3$) have masses in the TeV scale: $m_{D_\al} \in 10 \div 80$ TeV.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure

Objectives Molecular assays on nasopharyngeal swabs remain the cornerstone of COVID-19 diagnostic. The high technicalities of nasopharyngeal sampling and molecular assays, as well as scarce resources of reagents, limit our testing capabilities. Several strategies failed, to date, to fully alleviate this testing process (e.g. saliva sampling or antigen testing on nasopharyngeal samples). We assessed the clinical performances of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (N-antigen) ELISA detection in serum or plasma using the COVID-19 Quantigene® (AAZ, France) assay. Methods Performances were determined on 63 sera from 63 non-COVID patients and 227 serum samples (165 patients) from the French COVID and CoV-CONTACT cohorts with RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, including 142 serum (114 patients) obtained within 14 days after symptoms’ onset. Results Specificity was 98.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.3 to 100). Sensitivity was 79.3% overall (180/227, 95% CI, 74.0 to 84.6) and 93.0% (132/142, 95% CI, 88.7 to 97.2) within 14 days after symptoms onset. 91 included patients had a sera and nasopharyngeal swabs collected in the same 24 hours. Among those with high nasopharyngeal viral loads, i.e. Ct value below 30 and 33, only 1/50 and 4/67 tested negative for N-antigenemia, respectively. Among those with a negative nasopharyngeal RT-PCR, 8/12 presented positive N-antigenemia; the lower respiratory tract was explored for 6 of these 8 patients, showing positive RT-PCR in 5 cases. Conclusion This is the first evaluation of a commercially available serum N-antigen detection assay. It presents a robust specificity and sensitivity within the first 14 days after symptoms onset. This approach provides a valuable new option for COVID-19 diagnosis, only requiring a blood draw and easily scalable in all clinical laboratories.

We consider the SU(3)_C \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X \otimes U(1)_N (3-3-1-1) model at the GUT scale with implication for inflation and leptogenesis. The mass spectra of the neutral Higgs bosons and neutral gauge bosons are reconsidered when the scale of the 3-3-1-1 breaking is much larger than that of the ordinary SU(3)_C \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X (3-3-1) breaking. We investigate how the 3-3-1-1 model generates an inflation by identifying the scalar field that spontaneously breaks the U(1)_N symmetry to inflaton as well as including radiative corrections for the inflaton potential. We figure out the parameter spaces appeared in the inflaton potential that satisfy the conditions for an inflation model and obtain the inflaton mass an order of 10^{13} GeV. The inflaton can dominantly decay into a pair of light Higgs bosons or a pair of heavy Majorana neutrinos which lead, respectively, to a reheating temperature of 10^9 GeV order appropriate to a thermal leptogenesis scenario or to a reduced reheating temperature corresponding to a non-thermal leptogenesis scenario. We calculate the lepton asymmetry which yields baryon asymmetry successfully for both the thermal and non-thermal cases.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figure

The supersymmetric extension of the economical 3-3-1 model is presented. The constraint equations and the gauge boson identification establish a relation between the vacuum expectation values (VEVs) at the top and bottom elements of the Higgs triplet χ and its supersymmetric counterpart χ ′ . Because of this relation, the exact diagonalization of neutral gauge boson sector has been performed. The gauge bosons and their associated Goldstone ones mix in the same way as in non-supersymmetric version. This is also correct in the case of gauginos. The eigenvalues and eigenstates in the Higgs sector are derived. The model contains a heavy neutral Higgs boson with mass equal to those of the neutral non-Hermitian gauge boson X 0 and a charged scalar with mass equal to those of the W boson in the standard model, i. e. m ̺ 1 = m W . This result is in good agreement with the present estimation: m H ± > 79.3 GeV, CL= 95 %. We also show that the boson sector and the fermion sector gain masses in the same way as in the non-supersymmetric case.

We investigate Lepton-Flavor Violating (LFV) decays of Higgs to muon-tau in the Supersymmetric Economical 3-3-1 (SUSYE331) model. In the presence of flavor mixing in sleptons {μ,τ } and large values of v/v ′ , the ratio of, as in many known SUSY models. We predict that for the Standard Model Higgs boson, the LHC may detect its decay to muon and tauon. We also investigate the asymmetry between left and right LFV values of corrections and prove that the LFV effects are dominated by the left FLV term, which is O(10 3 ) times larger than the right LFV term in the limit of small values of |µ ρ |/m SU SY . The contributions of Higgs-mediated effects to the decay τ → µµµ are also discussed.

In this work, we interpret the 3-3-1-1 model when the B − L and 3-3-1 breaking scales behave simultaneously as the inflation scale. This setup not only realizes the previously achieved consequences of inflation and leptogenesis, but also provides new insights in superheavy dark matter and neutrino masses. We argue that the 3-3-1-1 model can incorporate a scalar sextet, which induces both small masses for the neutrinos via a combined type I and II seesaw and large masses for the new neutral fermions. Additionally, all the new particles have large masses in the inflation scale. The lightest particle among the W -particles that have abnormal (i.e., wrong) B − L number in comparison to those of the standard model particles may be superheavy dark matter as it is stabilized by W -parity. The dark matter candidate may be a Majorana fermion, a neutral scalar, or a neutral gauge boson, which was properly created in the early universe due to gravitational effects on the vacuum or thermal production after cosmic inflation.

The flipped 3-3-1 model discriminates lepton families instead of the quark ones in normal sense, where the left-handed leptons are in two triplets plus one sextet while the left-handed quarks are in antitriplets, under SU (3) L . We investigate a minimal setup of this model and determine novel consequences of dark matter stability, neutrino mass generation, and lepton flavor violation. Indeed, the model conserves a noncommutative B − L symmetry, which prevents the unwanted vacua and interactions and provides the matter parity and dark matter candidates that along with normal matter form gauge multiplets. The neutrinos obtain suitable masses via a type I and II seesaw mechanism. The nonuniversal couplings of Z with leptons govern lepton flavor violating processes such as µ → 3e, µ → eν µ ν e , µ-e conversion in nuclei, semileptonic τ → µ(e) decays, as well as the nonstandard interactions of neutrinos with matter. This Z may also set the dark matter observables and give rise to the LHC dilepton and dijet signals. PACS numbers: 12.60.-i arXiv:1906.05240v1 [hep-ph]