Inflation and leptogenesis in the 3-3-1-1 model

Abstract

We consider the SU(3)_C \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X \otimes U(1)_N (3-3-1-1) model at the GUT scale with implication for inflation and leptogenesis. The mass spectra of the neutral Higgs bosons and neutral gauge bosons are reconsidered when the scale of the 3-3-1-1 breaking is much larger than that of the ordinary SU(3)_C \otimes SU(3)_L \otimes U(1)_X (3-3-1) breaking. We investigate how the 3-3-1-1 model generates an inflation by identifying the scalar field that spontaneously breaks the U(1)_N symmetry to inflaton as well as including radiative corrections for the inflaton potential. We figure out the parameter spaces appeared in the inflaton potential that satisfy the conditions for an inflation model and obtain the inflaton mass an order of 10^{13} GeV. The inflaton can dominantly decay into a pair of light Higgs bosons or a pair of heavy Majorana neutrinos which lead, respectively, to a reheating temperature of 10^9 GeV order appropriate to a thermal leptogenesis scenario or to a reduced reheating temperature corresponding to a non-thermal leptogenesis scenario. We calculate the lepton asymmetry which yields baryon asymmetry successfully for both the thermal and non-thermal cases.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figure

Neutrino masses and superheavy dark matter in the 3-3-1-1 model

“…A possibility for it is at TeV scale as investigated in the literatures [4,[7][8][9][10][11][12]. The new observation of this work is that it can be as large as the B − L breaking scale associated with the seesaw and inflation ones.…”

“…The implication of the scalar sextet for lepton-flavor-changing and leptogenesis processes is further hinted at. Despite a previous study [4], the scalar sextet may decay into two light leptons, possibly involving heavy lepton modes, which may dominate over generated lepton number. It is noteworthy that since the unitarity of the 3-3-1 model is cured as well as the proton stability is ensured [5], a large energy scale with regard to the 3-3-1 breaking is possible.…”

“…Let us recall that in the previous work [2][3][4][5], the SU (3) L symmetry breaking is at the TeV scale, which provides the dark matter candidates as thermal relics, limited below some hundreds of TeV. Hence, the above proposal is an alternative solution to the dark matter question.…”

“…On the other hand, the observed neutrino masses in this model are generated by a type I seesaw mechanism. It is natural to impose the seesaw scale of B − L breaking as the inflation scale, which is close to a hypothetical grand unification scale of 10 16 GeV order [21][22][23][24] (however, see Appendix B), which is required for the successful inflation and leptogenesis scenarios [4]. Hence, the remaining particles such as the inflaton, right-handed neutrinos, and B − L gauge boson all pick up a mass in the inflation regime.…”

“…Alternative to the popular proposals of grand unification, extra dimensions, and supersymmetry [1], a simple extension of the gauge symmetry to SU (3) C ⊗ SU (3) L ⊗ U (1) X ⊗ U (1) N (3-3-1-1) might address numerous questions [2][3][4][5][6]. Here, SU (3) L is an enlargement of the weak-isospin symmetry, while the last two factors determine the electric charge (Q) and baryon-minus-lepton number (B − L), respectively.…”