Phenomenology of the 3-3-1-1 model

Abstract

In this work we discuss a new SU (3)C ⊗ SU (3)L ⊗ U (1)X ⊗ U (1)N (3-3-1-1) gauge model that overhauls the theoretical and phenomenological aspects of the known 3-3-1 models. Additionally, we sift the outcome of the 3-3-1-1 model from precise electroweak bounds to dark matter observables. We firstly advocate that if the B − L number is conserved as the electric charge, the extension of the standard model gauge symmetry to the 3-3-1-1 one provides a minimal, self-contained framework that unifies all the weak, electromagnetic and B − L interactions, apart from the strong interaction. The W -parity (similar to the R-parity) arises as a remnant subgroup of the broken 3-3-1-1 symmetry. The mass spectra of the scalar and gauge sectors are diagonalized when the scale of the 3-3-1-1 breaking is compatible to that of the ordinary 3-3-1 breaking. All the interactions of the gauge bosons with the fermions and scalars are obtained. The standard model Higgs (H) and gauge (Z) bosons are realized at the weak scales with consistent masses despite of their mixings with the heavier particles, respectively. The 3-3-1-1 model provides two dark matters which are stabilized by the W -parity conservation: one fermion which may be either a Majorana or Dirac fermion and one complex scalar. We conclude that in the fermion dark matter setup the Z2 gauge boson resonance sets the dark matter observables, whereas in the scalar one the Higgs portal dictates them. The standard model GIM mechanism works in the model because of the W -parity conservation. Hence, the dangerous flavor changing neutral currents due to the ordinary and exotic quark mixing are suppressed, while those coming from the non-universal couplings of the Z2 and ZN gauge bosons are easily evaded. Indeed, the K 0 −K 0 and B 0 s −B 0 s mixings limit mZ 2,N > 2.037 TeV and mZ 2,N > 2.291 TeV, respectively, while the LEPII searches provide a quite close bound mZ 2,N > 2.737 TeV. The violation of the CKM unitarity due to the loop effects of the Z2 and ZN gauge bosons is negligible.

The waning of the WIMP? A review of models, searches, and constraints

“…Following the discussion above the interaction between a scalar DM and spin-1 (Z ) mediator, together with a piece connecting Z to the SM fermions, is described by the following Lagrangian: 18 Interestingly, couplings of the Z with SM particles as presented here are similar to the ones in several existing EW extensions of the SM which can be embedded in different GUT models [257][258][259][260].…”

Neutrino masses and superheavy dark matter in the 3-3-1-1 model

“…where 3 . Although the B and L charges are anomalous, regarding B − L as a fundamental charge makes the model free from all the B and L anomalies.…”

“…Alternative to the popular proposals of grand unification, extra dimensions, and supersymmetry [1], a simple extension of the gauge symmetry to SU (3) C ⊗ SU (3) L ⊗ U (1) X ⊗ U (1) N (3-3-1-1) might address numerous questions [2][3][4][5][6]. Here, SU (3) L is an enlargement of the weak-isospin symmetry, while the last two factors determine the electric charge (Q) and baryon-minus-lepton number (B − L), respectively.…”

A call for new physics: The muon anomalous magnetic moment and lepton flavor violation

“…That said, the most promising observables come from flavor changing neutral current effects and from collider probes. The bounds from electroweak precision tests are weak [438]. gives to tight constraints on this model since the Z gauge boson leads to the d − b transition.…”

“…The models are only self-consistent if there exist exactly three generations of fermions as a result of the triangle gauge anomalies and QCD asymptotic freedom [229,414,433]. Moreover, they can host a dark matter candidate [230,423,[429][430][431][434][435][436][437][438][439][440][441][442][443][444][445], generate neutrino masses [295-299, 446, 447], among other things [448][449][450][451][452][453][454][455][456].…”