This paper discusses land issues in a specific Ivorian context: that of a former no man's land located in lower Côte d'Ivoire. In this region, one does not find the autochthon-migrant dichotomy that generally structures the land issue in southern Côte d'Ivoire. This situation therefore offers an opportunity to document the conditions of access to land and inter-ethnic relationships in a situation characterised by the lack of autochthonous stakeholders. In this context, land rights and land transfers have been moulded by the interplay between migration flows, the dynamics of the smallholder plantation economy, and the rise of land markets. The picture that results is a patchwork, in terms of ethnic land control, where land rights are quite secure. The crucial land issue arises from the active land lease market, with a large acreage of land rented out to Burkinabè pineapple producers – again, without major conflicts. This situation is contrasted with the neighbouring Abouré country, where a conflict over tenancy practices arose in 2001.

Intérêt du gradient de concentration sérum-ascite en albumine dans le diagnostic des varices oesophagiennes chez le cirrhotique africain, Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)Interest serum-ascites albumin concentration gradient in the diagnosis of esophageal varices in cirrhotic African, Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) Résumé Buts : Déterminer la corrélation entre le gradient de concentration sérum-ascite en albumine (GASA) et la prédic-tion des varices oesophagiennes (VO) et autres paramètres de l'hypertension portale (HTP) à savoir signes rouges, grades des varices, varices cardiotubérositaires et les gastropathies d'HTP chez le cirrhotique noir africain en Côte d'Ivoire. Patients et méthode : Etude transversale rétrospective portant sur 113 dossiers médicaux de patients présentant une ascite liée à l'HTP. La fibroscopie digestive haute pour la recherche de signes d'HTP. Le dosage des protéines dans le sérum et le liquide d'ascite a été réalisé par les méthodes chimiques courantes. La sensibilité et la spécificité obtenues par l'aire sous la courbe ROC (Receiver-Operating-Characteristic). Résultats : A 1,1 g/dl, le GASA prédisait les VO avec une sensibilité (53,3%), une spécificité (80%) pour une performance diagnostique faible (64%). A partir de 1,5 g/dl du SAAG, la spécificité était maximale (100%) mais on relevait 40% de faux-négatifs. Pour une valeur-seuil de -1,240 g/dl, la performance diagnostique du GASA était meilleure avec une sensibilité (96%), une spécificité (55%) pour une performance diagnostique à 84%. Conclusion : La valeur seuil du GASA efficace pour la détection des VO était inférieure chez les sujets africains en raison des facteurs nutritionnel et infectieux fréquents dans ces pays à faible revenu. Mots clés Varices oesophagiennes · Gradient · Albumine · Cirrhose · AfriqueAbstract Aims: To determine the correlation between the concentration Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) and the prediction of esophageal varices (VO) and other parameters of portal hypertension (PHT), namely red signs grades varicose veins, varicose veins and cardio tuberosity, the gastropathie portal hypertension among African blacks cirrhotic Ivory Coast. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 113 medical records of patients with ascites associated with PH. The gastroscopy to search for signs of HTP. The protein assay in serum and ascitic fluid produced by standard chemical methods. The sensitivity and specificity obtained by the area under the ROC curve (Receiver-Operating-Characteristic). Results: 1.1 g/dl, the SAAG predicted VO with a sensitivity (53.3%), specificity (80%) for low diagnostic accuracy (64%). From 1.5 g/dl of SAAG, specificity was highest (100%) but fell 40% false-negative. For a threshold value of -1.240 g/dl, the diagnostic performance of SAAG was better with a sensitivity (96%), specificity (55%) for a diagnostic accuracy of 84%. Conclusion: The threshold value of SAAG effective for the detection of VO was lower among African because of frequent nutritional and infectious factors in these low-in...

Since the 1970s, the northern part of Côte d'Ivoire has experienced considerable fluctuation in its meteorology including a general decrease of rainfall and increase of temperature from 1970 to 2000, a slight increase of rainfall since 2000, a severe drought in 2004–2005 and flooding in 2006–2007. Such changing climate patterns might affect the transmission of malaria. The purpose of this study was to analyze climate and environmental parameters associated with malaria transmission in Korhogo, a city in northern Côte d’Ivoire. All data were collected over a 10-year period (2004–2013). Rainfall, temperature and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were the climate and environmental variables considered. Association between these variables and clinical malaria data was determined, using negative binomial regression models. From 2004 to 2013, there was an increase in the annual average precipitation (1100.3–1376.5 mm) and the average temperature (27.2°C—27.5°C). The NDVI decreased from 0.42 to 0.40. We observed a strong seasonality in these climatic variables, which resembled the seasonality in clinical malaria. An incremental increase of 10 mm of monthly precipitation was, on average, associated with a 1% (95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.7 to 1.2%) and a 1.2% (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.5%) increase in the number of clinical malaria episodes one and two months later respectively. A 1°C increase in average monthly temperature was, on average, associated with a decline of a 3.5% (95% CI: 0.1 to 6.7%) in clinical malaria episodes. A 0.1 unit increase in monthly NDVI was associated with a 7.3% (95% CI: 0.8 to 14.1%) increase in the monthly malaria count. There was a similar increase for the preceding-month lag (6.7% (95% CI: 2.3% to 11.2%)). The study results can be used to establish a malaria early warning system in Korhogo to prepare for outbreaks of malaria, which would increase community resilience no matter the magnitude and pattern of climate change.

The identification of new anthelmintic drugs becomes a priority because of the availability of a handful of drugs, cost of treatments, and recent emergence of drug resistance. Medicinal plants are a good source of bioactive compounds for development of drugs. In this study, in vivo efficacy of Anogeissus leiocarpus was assessed in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Fecal examination, serological analyses, and necropsy were carried out to determine the egg and worm-burden reduction. The administration of ethanolic extract (single oral dose of 80 mg/kg) of A. leiocarpus induced a moderate fecal egg reduction (81 %) and adult worm-burden reduction (87 %) against Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis (82 %). The plant exhibited high efficacy against adult Strongyloïdes papillosus (100 %), Gaigeria pachyscelis (90 %), Cooperia curticei (100 %), and Oesophagostomum columbianum (95 %) but low efficacy against Trichostrongylus axei (67 %) and Trichuris globulosa (79 %). All these helminthes were sensitive to fenbendazole, except O. columbianum which showed a decrease susceptibility (17 %). The plant extract also improved certain biological parameters by increasing bodyweight from 0.7 ± 2.9 to 3.3 ± 1.9 % and improving hematocrit of 6.9 ± 1.6 % 3-week posttreatment. It emerges from the results that the plant possesses significant effectiveness on diarrhea; all treated animals gave normal feces. This study has shown that A. leiocarpus could find an application in the control of multiparasitism in small ruminants.

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Aims: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of heartburn in Abidjan, a black African city. Patients and Methods: cross-sectional study from June 15 to September 30, 2003. One thousand nine hundred forty (1940) persons from five health zones of the city Abidjan were included after their informed consent. Socio demographic and clinical parameters were collected using a questionnaire in an interview format. Heartburn was defined as a discomfort or burning sensation extending from the sternal manubrium to the base of the neck. Factors related to the complaint were asked such as predisposing factors, habits (tobacco, alcohol and coffee intake) and body mass index. Stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between these factors and heartburn. Results: Among 1940 respondents (mean age 28 ± 9 years; sex ratio (M:F) 0.86), heartburn occurred in 433 persons (once a week in 9.2% of case (178 persons)). Five factors were statistically associated with heartburn: male sex (p = 0.025, OR = 0.555 [CI95% 0.331-0.930]), heartburn in a family member (p = 0.010, OR = 1.765 [95%CI 1.143-2.725]), constipation (p = 0.011, OR = 2.182 [95%CI 11,953,983]), right lateral decubitus (p = 0.001, OR = 6.247 [95%CI 2.079-18.775]) and after a meal (p = 0.000, OR = 2.643 [95%CI 1.594 4.383]). Conclusion: Heartburn is common in this black African population. Male sex appears to be less associated. Constipation, right lateral decubitus and after a meal are trigger factors for heartburn. Heartburn in a family member is a risk factor.

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Lorsque le Far East n'était pas le Far West. La dynamique de l'appropriation foncière dans un ancien « no man's lend» de basse Côte d'Ivoire Jean-Philippe Colin * avec la contribution de Georges Kouamé et Débégnoun Soro** * J.-P. Colin est directeur de recherche à l'IRD, UR «Régulations foncières, politiques publiques et logiques d'acteurs», associé à l'UMR MOÏSA, Montpellier. ** G. Kouarné et D. Soro sont étudiants de l'Institut d'Ethno-sociologie (Abidjan). membres du Laboratoire d'Etudes Foncières de Côte d'Ivoire. Celle recherche a bénéficié d'un financement du projet européen CLAIMS.