Apple orchards require the presence of a different genotype to pollinate the fruit producing cultivar. This is due to the process of gametophytic self-incompatibility present in most species and cultivars of the genus Malus. The fruit producing cultivar and the pollinizer must be genetically compatible to ensure fruit set and symmetrical and adequate fruit formation. The aim of this work was to evaluate five potential pollinizers for the new apple cultivar SCS426 Venice by genotyping the self-incompatibility locus (S-locus) and by controlled pollination in the field. The S-locus was screened using molecular markers and the fertilization capacity was evaluated by monitoring the fruit set after artificial pollination. Three genotypes were identified as semi-compatible (selection 135/140, cultivar SCS433 Felix 3 and SCS425 Luiza) and two as fully compatible ('SCS431 Felix 1' and 'SCS434 Felix 4') with 'SCS426 Venice'. Regardless of the level of compatibility, all genotypes tested are efficient for the fertilization of 'SCS426 Venice' flowers and can be used as pollinizers in commercial orchards of this cultivar.
o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o escurecimento da polpa de maçãs ‘SCS427 Elenise’, ‘Fuji’ e ‘Cripps pink’ após serem cortadas, simulando o preparo de alimento minimamente processado. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, o primeiro utilizando frutos recém-colhidos e o segundo com frutos armazenados por 75 e 120 dias em atmosfera do ar a 1ºC. Os frutos foram cortados transversalmente na região equatorial e a cor da polpa analisada por sensores colorimétricos digitais, periodicamente, entre 0 até 48 horas após o corte. Maçãs ‘Cripps pink’ apresentaram maior escurecimento da polpa, em ambos os experimentos. A polpa das maçãs ‘SCS427 Elenise’ exibiu escurecimento mais lento até o ponto de escurecimento máximo em ambos os experimentos, o que sugere serem mais apropriados ao processamento mínimo sem o uso de substâncias antioxidantes que maçãs ‘Fuji’ e ‘Cripps pink’.
The use of high-vigor seeds combined with seeding density adjustment at sowing is speculated to ensure high yields. However, certain doubts regarding the effect of this combined approach on rice cultivation remain owing to the tillering capacity. In this context, the present study aimed to determine the effects of seeding density adjustment according to vigor on the initial establishment of seedlings in the field. A physiological characterization was conducted using the germination test, vigor by accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, first count, shoot length, root length, total seedling length, and dry mass in the 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 growing seasons. The evaluations were conducted using a completely randomized design with four replications. Subsequently, the seed lots were selected, from which a fraction of seeds were submitted to artificial vigor reduction. Afterward, these seeds were sown in the main producing regions of the state of Santa Catarina, under a randomized block design with four replications. Three treatment groups were formed: one without density adjustment, one with adjustment by germination, and one with adjustment by vigor in accelerated aging. Twenty-one days after sowing, the number of emerged seedlings per unit area was determined. An interaction between the factors of adjustment for density and seed quality was observed. This was evidenced in the fact that even with the adjustment of density by vigor, the seed lot with lower quality presented the emergence of a lower number of seedlings, and the performance of these seeds was not equivalent to that observed in the lot with superior quality. Accordingly, it was concluded that the seeding density adjustment by vigor combined with the use of seeds with high-vigor is a suitable strategy for achieving a significant increase in plant emergence during the initial establishment in the field.
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