Postharvest storage of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) can alter the color, texture, flavor and time required for cooking. These alterations have been associated with the 'hard-to-cook' phenomenon (HTC) and a reduction in the quality of the grains. HTC has been linked to the genotype, environment and/or storage conditions of the grains, but very few studies have shown the interrelationship between these factors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the effect of two genotypes, Paraiso and Peruano, grown under the same phosphorus levels, on the development of HTC. These genotypes were evaluated for phytate, protein, tannin and phosphorus contents, hydration time and cooking time when stored for 45, 90 and 135 days, at 29 • C and 5 • C at a relative humidity of 75%. HTC was observed in Peruano after 135 days, which correlated with a reduction in the phytate content. Paraiso did not show HTC even though there was a reduction of tannins during the storage period. The lower storage temperature appeared to control HTC for both genotypes. Overall, the content of phytate can be an indicative factor for the cookability of fresh beans when the relationship between genotype and storage conditions has been determined.

Contribuição dos componentes de rendimento na produtividade de genótipos crioulos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgarisLResumo -Este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a contribuição relativa dos componentes do rendimento para a produção final em genótipos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L). O experimento foi conduzido com 26 genótipos de feijão na safra 2008/2009 nos municípios de Anchieta, Joaçaba e Lages, estado de Santa Catarina, sob delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com 3 repetições, onde avaliou-se os componentes do rendimento e produtividade. Foi utilizado o teste de variância univariada para determinação da variabilidade e da resposta dos genótipos aos diferentes ambientes de cultivo e os testes de Scott-Knott e Tukey para comparação das médias. As correlações foram estimadas através da análise de Trilha. Foi observada resposta diferenciada dos genótipos nos ambientes testados para todos os caracteres avaliados, com exceção da massa de 100 grãos. A seleção indireta para massa de 100 grãos para elevado rendimento de grãos não é uma boa estratégia para o progresso genético, devido aos efeitos indiretos negativos. Mas, a seleção para número de vagens por planta, número de grãos por vagem e número de lóculos por legume podem contribuir efetivamente para incrementar o rendimento de grãos. Palavras-chave -Phaseolus vulgaris L. Rendimento de grãos. Componentes da produção. Características agronômicas. Análise de trilha.Abstract -The objective this work was to verify the relative contribution between yield components and yield of the common bean landraces cultivars. The experiment was carried out with twenty six genotypes of beans under field conditions in the 2008/2009 growing season using randomized block design with three repetitions, where evaluated the yields components and yield in the in the following Santa Catarina countries: Anchieta, Joaçaba and Lages. The unvaried variance test was used and the cropping places were compared by Tukey test and, Scott-Knott test to grouping genotypes. The correlations were done by path analysis. The genotypes evaluated performed differently according to the environment where the tests were done to all characters, with exception to the mass of 100 grains. The indirect selection by mass of 100 grains to yield component isn't a good alternative to genetic progress. But, the selection to pod number per plant, grain per pod and pod loci number can contribute to yield selection.

Genetic diversity in common bean accessions RESUMO Os recursos genéticos devem ser devidamente caracterizados para permitir ganhos genéticos mais promissores no melhoramento e para o uso destes recursos

Phytic acid is the major storage form of phosphorus in seeds of legumes and cereals. Since phytate can form complexes with proteins and minerals, reducing the digestive availability of these nutrients, it is usually regarded as an antinutrient, although recent work indicates that it has important beneficial roles as an antioxidant and anticarcinogen. Therefore, there is an interest in the assessment and manipulation of phytate contents in important food grains such as beans. The objective of this work was to compare eleven dry bean genotypes with regard to grain contents of P, phytate, inorganic P and protein and to examine if differences between genotypes could be explained by differences in grain protein content or in uptake and partitioning of P. Plants were grown in a greenhouse in pots containing soil and commercial substrate amended with 7.4 and 37 mg P.dm-3. The experimental setup was a random, complete block design with five replications. Genetic variability in grain phytate contents was observed. At the higher dose of P fertilization, genotype Una presented the highest phytate content (1.48 %) and the highest fraction of P as phytate (72 %), whereas these features were lowest in Paraiso (0.70 % and 47 %, respectively). Inorganic P made up 8 % of total P in Paraiso. A correlation between phytate and protein contents among genotypes was significant (r = 0.73) only under the higher dose of P fertilization. With the exception of genotype 4AP, differences in phytate content could not be explained by differences in uptake and partitioning of P in the plant. In the case of Paraiso, it is inferred that the lower phytate contents were due to differences in the metabolism of P and dry matter accumulation in the grain.

RESUMO -O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar genótipos crioulos quanto ao potencial fisiológico das sementes. As sementes foram obtidas na safra 2007/2008, com 26 genótipos, no município de Lages -SC. Para analisar a qualidade das sementes, determinou-se o porcentual de germinação inicial e após o envelhecimento acelerado, massa de 100 sementes, condutividade elétrica, comprimento da raiz primária e emergência a campo. Os genótipos foram separados em classes com base no teste Scott-Knott e os genótipos crioulos também foram comparados com a testemunha (cultivares comerciais) pelo teste de Dunnett, os quais permitiram, com base em todos os parâmetros avaliados, indicar os genótipos BAFs 36, 55, 75, 102 como os de elevado potencial fisiológico. Particularmente nas condições de emergência a campo, a maioria dos genótipos apresenta ampla adaptação ambiental, com exceção dos BAFs 4, 7, 23. Pelo estudo de correlação, observou-se uma associação positiva entre o porcentual de germinação inicial com o comprimento de raiz primária e negativa com a massa de 100 sementes. Esta associação foi devido ao genótipo, o que permite indicar que os genótipos com menor massa de 100 sementes foram os mais vigorosos.Termos para indexação: diversidade, vigor, condutividade elétrica, envelhecimento acelerado. PHYSIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF COMMON LANDRACE BEAN SEEDS (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to characterize the physiologic potential of common landrace bean seeds. The seeds were produced in the 2007/2008 growing season with 26 genotypes from Lages-SC. The seed physiological potential was evaluated from the percentage germination, before and after accelerated ageing, the weight of 100 seeds, electrical conductivity, the length of the primary root and field emergence. The genotypes were grouped into classes using the Scott-Knott test and compared with a standard (commercial cultivars) using the Dunnett test, which indicated the BAFs 36, 55, 75, 102 genotypes as having a high physiological potential. Under field conditions, most landrace genotypes were adapted to environmental conditions, except for BAFs 4, 7, 23. The correlation analysis showed a positive association between the percentage initial germination and the length of the main root, and a negative correlation with the weight of 100 seeds. The genotypes with a lower seed mass showed more vigor.

Fruit biometry and seed germination of Syagrus romanzoffi ana (Cham.) Glassm. ABSTRACTSyagrus romanzoffi ana (Cham.) Glassm. is a species native to Brazil that is of ecological and aesthetic importance. Th is study aims to describe the biometric characteristics of S. romanzoffi ana fruits and to assess the eff ects that treatments meant to overcome dormancy and partial drying have on seed germination. For biometric characterization, each repetition consisted of 50 fruits from eight clusters (total, 400 fruits). To evaluate methods for overcoming dormancy, seeds representative of populations were treated by perforation of the operculum; perforation of the operculum and immersion in water for 24 hours; cracking; exposure to fi re for three minutes; and non-removal of fi bers. Th ere was also a control group. In a second experiment, seeds were partially dried. We determined the proportional moisture content of newly harvested seeds (20.2%) and dried them down to moisture contents of 15.5% and 12.7%. All seeds were subjected to a germination test at 30°C. Th e fruits showed biometric variations, with an average of 21.7 mm in longitudinal diameter and 19.7 mm in polar diameter, and a fresh mass of 5.61 g, of which 59.29% was pulp. Th e highest germination rates and vigor to overcome dormancy occurred aft er the operculum was perforated and the seeds were soaked in water for 24 hours. Th e results of the partial drying treatments did not diff er suffi ciently to discourage dormancy in any signifi cant manner. Acta Botanica Brasilica 27(1): 147-154. 2013.

RESUMOA conservação das sementes de araucária é amplamente comprometida em função das suas características recalcitrante, o que dificulta o planejamento de ações de recuperação das populações degradadas. Desta forma, objetivou-se com o trabalho monitorar as alterações fisiológicas em sementes de araucária, sob diferentes condições de armazenamento, visando obter subsídios para a conservação de sua viabilidade e vigor. Avaliou-se a qualidade fisiológica das sementes recém-colhidas e a cada 60 dias, ao longo do armazenamento em ambiente de laboratório sem controle térmico, em refrigerador (5 o C) e em freezer (-18 o C), até o período de 180 dias. Após cada período amostral, avaliou-se a viabilidade (teste de germinação e tetrazólio) e o vigor das sementes (envelhecimento artificial, índice de velocidade de germinação -IVG e condutividade elétrica). Observou-se redução na porcentagem de plântulas normais ao longo do período de armazenamento das sementes de araucária. A conservação em freezer e em ausência de controle térmico causou a perda total de viabilidade das sementes aos 60 e 180 dias de armazenamento, respectivamente. Já o armazenamento em refrigerador favoreceu a conservação da viabilidade das sementes, com 64% de germinação aos 180 dias de armazenamento, um evento associado à redução da atividade metabólica das sementes. Com base nos testes de viabilidade e vigor, conclui-se que o armazenamento em refrigerador proporcionou a conservação das sementes de araucária por tempo superior em comparação às demais condições de armazenamento. Palavras-chave: araucária; conservação de sementes; potencial fisiológico; sementes recalcitrantes. ABSTRACTThe conservation of Araucaria seeds is widely compromised in function of their recalcitrant feature, which hampers the planning of recovery actions of the degraded populations. Therefore, the objective of this study was to monitor the physiological changes in Araucaria seeds under controlled storage conditions, in order to get insights as to the viability and vigor conservation. The physiological quality of freshly harvested seeds was evaluated and every 60 days throughout the 180 days-storage period in laboratory ambient without thermal control, refrigerator (5 ° C), and freezer (-18 ° C) until the final period of 180 days. After each sampling period, the seed viability (germination and tetrazolium tests) and vigor (artificial aging, germination speed index -IVG and electrical conductivity) were assessed. A reduction in the normal 1 Engenheira Florestal, Msc., Doutoranda em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais,

Resumo AbstractThe objective of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity of landrace beans in two years for morphologic and agronomy characteristics. Twenty four bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were evaluated during the growing seasons of 2006/2007 and 2007/2008, using the randomized block design with three replications in Lages -SC. The genotypes were analyzed for 12 morphological and agronomic traits. The genotypes were studied using multivariable techniques to measure genetic divergence represented by the generalized distance of Mahalanobis and the genotypes grouping was performed by Tocher's optimization procedure. Among the 12 variables evaluated, the weight of 100 seeds had the highest contribution in the separation of the genotypes followed by the pod length in the two seasons. Genotypes BAF 3, BAF 37, BAF 42, BAF 55, BAF 57 and BAF 75 had high grain yield (around 4,000 Kg ha -1 ) in the two growing seasons and they could be incorporated in the programs of genetic breeding or used in the crop production.