ResumoAs espécies florestais Acacia mangium, Inga edulis e Tachigalia chrysophyllum foram pré-selecionadas para utilização em plantios energéticos. Com o objetivo de caracterizar essas espécies, foram realizados testes a partir das variáveis densidade básica, poder calorífico e análise imediata. O experimento foi implantado na Estação Experimental da EMBRAPA no município de Iranduba/AM. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso com três repetições, perfazendo 9 parcelas compostas de 25 plantas cada. Foram retiradas cinco árvores dentre as nove centrais da área útil. Destas, foram retirados os discos com 5 cm de espessura e desdobrados em corpos de prova, para se determinar a densidade básica e demais testes. Realizou-se análise de variância e teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A Acacia mangium (24,16 cm – 13,09 m) superou as demais em diâmetro e altura, respectivamente. Os dados médios obtidos para densidade básica classificam todas as espécies como madeira de densidade baixa, média e levemente densa. O poder calorífico observado em Acacia mangium (4430,37 kcal/kg) foi estatisticamente superior às demais espécies. Na análise imediata, as espécies apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, sendo apontadas como madeiras adequadas para uso no processo da queima. Os resultados demonstram que as espécies possuem qualidade para produção de lenha.AbstractEnergetic characterization of native and exotic forest species cultivated at Amazonas. The forest species Acacia mangium, Inga edulis and Tachigalia chrysophyllum were pre-selected to be used at energetic crops. In order to their characterization, tests of basic density, heating power and immediate analysis were performed. The experiment was carried out at EMBRAPA’s Experimental Station, located at Iranduba/AM and was designed as randomized blocks, with three repetitions, comprising 9 plots with 25 plants each. Five trees were removed from the nine central ones of the utile area. Discs of 5 cm thick were removed from them and divided into proof bodies to evaluate basic density and other variables. Analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% of probability were done. Acacia mangium (20.82 cm – 13.41 m) presented greater diameter and height, respectively, than the other species. The data of basic density average classified all three species as low, medium and dense-lightly density wood. The heating power observed for Acacia mangium (4430.37 kcal/kg) was statistically superior to other species. All three species presented satisfactory results at immediate analysis, being identified as suitable woods for use in burning process. Results show that the species present quality for fire wood production.Keywords: Biomass; basic density; heating power; immediate analysis; planting.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade das juntas coladas de madeira de Inga alba e Swartzia recurva utilizando adesivos a base de acetato de polivinila (PVAc) e emulsão polimérica de isocianato (EPI) em gramaturas de 150 e 200 g.m². A resistência das juntas coladas foi avaliada por meio de ensaios de cisalhamento, com base nos procedimentos descritos na norma EN 13354 (2008). O aumento na gramatura não influenciou nos resultados de cisalhamento, indicando os benefícios em termos econômicos com a redução no consumo do adesivo. As juntas coladas com madeira de Swartzia recurva com o adesivo EPI, nas duas gramaturas avaliadas, atingiram o valor mínimo de 2,5 MPa referente ao 5º percentil inferior estabelecido pela norma EN 13353 (2008). Os resultados demonstraram a viabilidade de uso da madeira de Inga alba e Swartzia recurva para produção de painéis colados lateralmente - EGP, com adesivo EPI e gramatura de 150 g.m².

RESUMO A densidade básica é uma das propriedades mais estudadas na tecnologia da madeira, visto sua importância na correlação com as propriedades físicas e mecânicas. A metodologia tradicional (destrutiva) demanda altos custos e extenso período para execução dos ensaios. Neste sentido, a pesquisa desenvolvida buscou determinar a densidade da madeira de Eschweilera odora por metodologia não destrutiva, avaliando a eficiência da espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo-NIR. Madeiras provenientes de floresta secundária de terra firme (Amazonas/Brasil) foram selecionadas para estudo, onde oito replicadas da espécie Eschweilera odora foram utilizadas para validação da densidade e 11 espécies (64 amostras) utilizadas na construção do modelo PLS/NIR. Os espectros NIR das madeiras foram coletados na faixa de 4.000-10.000 cm-1 , onde a análise espectral possibilitou associar espectros x densidade. Os modelos utilizados para estimar a densidade de Eschweilera odora nas faces tangenciais e radiais apresentaram altos índices de determinação (R 2 > 0,90) e baixos erros (Calibração/RMSEC e previsão/RMSEP). O teste T mostrou que a diferença entre os valores da densidade de Eschweilera odora preditos pelos PLS Radial e Tangencial não foi significativa para um intervalo de confiança de 95%, apresentando resultados aproximados. Estes resultados confirmam a potencialidade da espectroscopia NIR para estimativa da densidade da madeira de Eschweilera odora. Palavras-chave: madeiras da Amazônia; caracterização tecnológica; NIR; metodologia não destrutiva. Estimation of the basic density of wood Eschweilera odora (Poepp.) Miers by near infrared spectroscopy ABSTRACT The basic density is one of the most studied properties in wood technology area due to its significance in the correlation with the physical and the mechanical properties. The traditional (destructive) methodology demands high costs and an extended time period for the execution of the tests. The research developed here determines the basic density of Eschweilera odora wood by non-destructive methodology, evaluating the efficiency of the near infrared spectroscopy-NIR technique. Timber from "terra firme" secondary forest (Amazonas/Brazil) was selected for our study, where eight replicates of Eschweilera odora species were used for density's validation and 11 species (64 samples) were used to construct the PLS/NIR model. The NIR spectra of the woods were collected in the range of 4,000-10,000 cm-1 , where the spectral analysis made it possible to associate spectra x density. The models used to determine the density of Eschweilera odora wood on the tangential and radial faces presented high determination indices (R 2 > 0.90) and low errors (Calibration/RMSEC and prediction/RMSEP). The T test showed that the difference between values of Eschweilera odora wood density predicted by Radial PLS and Tangential PLS were not significant 95% confidence level, showing approximate results. These results confirm the potential the NIR spectroscopy to estimate the wood density.

Eschweilera truncata trees, known commercially by the name of Matamatá, are abundant, widely distributed throughout the forest, and characterized by important features for forest management, but are not harvested due to the scarcity of studies of the technological attributes that would reveal their potential, such as their machining and physical properties. Otherwise such studies might contribute to the inclusion of new species in the market, strengthening the sustainability of the forest ecosystems. Given this gap, the present research aimed to evaluate the performance of Matamatá wood in terms of its physical properties and behaviour under the machining process that would be used in this sector of the timber industry. The research involved a study of the tree, from which a base disk was removed in order to analyse its apparent density, density, shrinkage and anisotropy coefficient. The tradable shaft was split into logs and planks to assess the effects of machining processes. In the data analysis, we used descriptive statistics and the Tukey test. The results obtained classify Matamatá wood as high density and identify its anisotropy coefficient of 1.90, suggesting a medium to low stability. E. truncata wood performed excellently in the machining evaluation, and its results in the planer, sandpaper, drill perforation, frame in the top and lathe tests were also outstanding; in addition it presented wood material of the same quality throughout, whether heartwood or sapwood. This is an important indicator of wood yield, signifying that greater use can be made of the wood. The performance of the wood was validated via the manufacture of products such as furniture, decoration and finger-boards for musical instruments. In general, it can be concluded that the wood studied may be used in the lumber industry, because it presents similar features to those in the species already marketed and because it is plentiful all over the Amazon region.

ResumoEste estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade de painéis aglomerados produzidos com misturas de seis espécies de madeiras tropicais da Amazônia e Pinus taeda. As espécies estudadas foram: Eschweilera odora, Byrsonima crispa, Swartzia recurva, Eschweilera coriacea, Manilkara amazonica e Pouteria guianensis. O plano experimental consistiu em mistura de três espécies tropicais e, mistura destas na proporção de 50% com Pinus taeda. Foram produzidos painéis experimentais com densidade nominal de 0,75 g/cm 3 , utilizando a resina uréia-formaldeído na proporção de 8% de sólidos -base peso seco das partículas. Os painéis foram prensados com pressão específica de 4,0 MPa, temperatura de 160 ºC e tempo de prensagem de 8 minutos. Apesar das diferenças entre massa específica, teores de extrativos totais e pH das madeiras, além da razão de compactação dos painéis, não foram constatadas interações claras entre estas variáveis e as propriedades dos painéis aglomerados. Com base nas comparações com os requisitos normativos e resultados obtidos para a espécie referencial -Pinus taeda, pode-se afirmar que as seis espécies de madeiras tropicais estudadas apresentam potencial para produção de painéis aglomerados. Palavras-chave: Espécies tropicais; mistura de espécies; resina uréia-formaldeído. AbstractParticleboard production with mixture of six wood species of the Amazonia and Pinus taeda. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of particleboard produced from the mixture of six wood species of the Amazon and Pinus taeda taeda taeda. The Amazonia wood species studied were: Eschweilera odora, Byrsonima crispa, Swartzia recurva, Eschweilera coriacea, Manilkara amazonica and Pouteria guianensis. The experimental design consisted of a mixture of three tropical species, in a proportion of 50% and Pinus taeda. Experimental panels were produced with 0.75 g/cm³ nominal density, using urea-formaldehyde resin at 8% based on solid dry weight of the particles. The panels were pressed with the following conditions: 4.0 MPa specific pressure, 160 ºC temperature and a 8 minutes of pressing time. Despite the differences in density, extractives content and pH of the wood, besides of the board compression ratio, clear interactions between these variables and the properties of the particle boards were not found. Based on comparisons with standard requirements and results for the reference species -Pinus taeda, it can be concluded that the wood of six tropical species studied have potential for particleboard production.

In the Amazon, the sustainable use of wood is associated with technological research that indicates industrial use. Surface roughness of wood is an important criterion for assessing tool condition, machining performance and product quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of five Amazonian woods used in the manufacture of EGP (Edge Glued Panels).The woods Angelim pedra, Angelim vermelho, Breu vermelho, Murici and Piãozinho, obtained from managed areas of the Amazon, were used in the manufacture of EGP panels. Surface treatments were performed with 120 and 180 grit sandpaper. Surface ripples (roughness) were measured using a digital roughness meter with needle (n = 180 readings). Physical and mechanical tests were performed on both wood and EGP samples, to verify the possible relationship between these properties and roughness. EGP Piãozinho presented better surface quality, which consists of lower roughness (lower surface wave height), while EGP Angelim pedra presented uneven surfaces. Surface quality was satisfactory when 120 grain sandpaper was applied to most products. The results showed a highly significant effect of roughness such as the physical-mechanical properties. The highlight of the study is the wood and EGP Piãozinho, because in all the tests, it always presented the best performances.

A indústria da madeira do estado de Amazonas (Brasil) contribui com a produção de uma quantidade grande de resíduos. Este trabalho visa indicar o uso final para espécie florestal pau-rainha (Brosimum rubescens Taubert, Moraceae). Os resíduos descartados durante o processamento mecânico da madeira foram utilizados na confecção de artefatos como: instrumentos musicais e artigos decorativos gerando resíduos menores (serragens). Foram obtidos extratos das serragens do cerne e alburno por maceração com hexano e metanol. O teor extrativo no cerne foi 19,87% e a porcentagem (com relação a serragem) de xantiletina (2,2-dimetilcromeno cumarina) obtida foi 2,35%. Não foi detectada a cumarina nos extratos do alburno. A xantiletina é reportada pelas atividades antiplaquetária, antifúngica e herbicida e alguns derivados possuem atividade em linhagens de células leucêmicas. A proposta de uso final adequado dos resíduos de pau-rainha para confecção de artefatos tem uma grande importância social e a busca de metabólitos secundários é bastante promissora pois estes podem ser transformados em novos produtos. PalavRaS-chavE: Madeiras tropicais, Resíduos madeireiros, Metabólitos secundários, XantiletinaProposal of profite in residues of "pau-rainha" (Brosimum rubescens) discarded for the lumber sector aBSTRacT Timber industry of Amazonas state (Brazil) contribute with the production of great amount of residues. This paper aims to indicating end-uses for this forest species pau-rainha (Brosimum rubescens Taubert, Moraceae). The residues discharged during the mechanical processing in timber production were used as manufactured goods such as: musical instruments and decorative articles generating less wastes in sawmills. They were carried sawdust of the heartwood and sapwood and extraction by maceration with hexane and methanol. The heartwood extractive yield was 19.87% and content of xanthyletin (2,2-dimethylchromene coumarin) was 2.35% with basis dry mass. It was not detected the coumarin in extracts of sapwood. Xanthyletin is reported as antiplatelet, antifungal and herbicide and some its derivatives have a leukaemic cells lineage activities. The proposal of adequate end-uses of "pau-rainha" as manufacture-goods is a great social benefit and the search of secondary metabolites is quite promising it can be transformed into novel products.

Flavonoids are the phenolic compounds that are predominant in the Fabaceae family, and isoflavonoids are especially recognized for their contribution to the natural resistance of wood from species of this family. Herein, we investigated the phenolic compounds from extracts of wood residues from the Fabaceae species Dipteryx polyphylla Huber and Acacia mangium Willd. A phytochemical study of D. polyphylla led to isolation and identification of isoflavans such as 3’,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy-isoflavan (1), 2’,8-dihydroxy-4’,7-dimethoxy-isoflavan (2), 2’,7-dihydroxy-4’-methoxyisoflavan (3) and 3’,8-dihydroxy-4’,7-dimethoxy isoflavan (4). Compounds 1 and 4 are new findings. A. mangium gave monocyclic phenolics, such as ferulic acid (6), methylparaben (7) and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (8); flavonol melatoxetin (9) as well as fatty acid esters of spinasterol (5). The phenolic compounds that were identified contribute to the knowledge regarding the natural resistance of its woods, thus aggregating value for solid residues and plantation species recommended for reforestation