This study aimed to assess the environmental and social vulnerability and identify critical highway stretches for accidents involving transportation of hazardous products on the BR-101 highway between the cities of Osório and Torres in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The study's approach consisted of a multiple-criteria analysis combining highway safety analysis and environmental and social vulnerability analysis in the occurrence of accidents with hazardous products, plus cartographic analysis techniques. Thirty-eight kilometers of the highway showed high vulnerability, of which 8 kilometers with critical vulnerability, associated with bridges over rivers, water uptake points, a tunnel, environmental preservation areas, and an urban area. These stretches should be prioritized when developing action plans for accident mitigation and development of public policies for this highway. This proved to be an unprecedented approach when compared to existing studies and a potentially useful tool for decision-making in emergency operations.
<span style="line-height: 115%;">Os acidentes de trânsito são uma das principais causas de morte e invalidez ao redor do mundo, e estima-se que o elemento humano contribua para a ocorrência de mais de 90% deles, grande parte envolvendo o comportamento dos motoristas. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou identificar e classificar medidas de segurança de trânsito conforme sua influência em inibir o cometimento de infrações de trânsito no meio urbano. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram realizadas uma pesquisa qualitativa e uma pesquisa quantitativa. Na primeira, feita por meio de grupos focados, identificaram-se as infrações de trânsito que mais contribuem para os acidentes (embriaguez, excesso de velocidade e avanço de sinal vermelho de semáforo), bem como elementos que auxiliaram na elaboração da pesquisa quantitativa. Esta, por sua vez, consistiu em um questionário autorrelatado aplicado a motoristas de automóvel, no qual verificou-se que as medidas de segurança associadas à restrição de direitos e à possibilidade de ser flagrado pelas autoridades são as que mais influenciam os motoristas a não cometerem infrações</span>
RESUMOPromover a segurança viária nos entornos escolares é uma estratégia que contribui para que sejam construídas cidades seguras, saudáveis e sustentáveis. Este estudo é dedicado a identificar o conjunto de características físicas urbanas capazes de reduzir a severidade dos acidentes nesses entornos. A severidade foi analisada a partir das características da estrutura urbana, socioeconômicas, da instituição escolar e dos acidentes registrados (entre 2012 e 2014) no entorno de 905 escolas de Porto Alegre. Foram estimados modelos de escolha discreta ordenados e não ordenados, permitindo a comparação entre as abordagens. Entretanto, não foi identificada superioridade de uma abordagem metodológica sobre a outra. O conjunto de estimativas indica que a severidade dos acidentes no entorno escolar é influenciada por caracterís-ticas da escola, do acidente, socioeconômicas e pela estrutura urbana, com destaque para influência negativa do número de interseções com quatro vias.
ABSTRACTFostering road safety nearby schools is a strategy that contributes to build safe, healthy and sustainable cities. The aim of this study is to identify the set of urban physical characteristics that are able to reduce the severity of accidents in these surroundings. Build environment, socioeconomic data, characteristics of the educational institution and accident data (from 2012 to 2014) nearby 905 schools in Porto Alegre were used to analyze severity. Discrete choice models of ordered and unordered structures were estimated and compared. However, it was not possible to identify the superiority of one methodological approach over the other. The models have shown that the severity of accidents near schools is influenced by school, accidents, socioeconomic characteristics and the build environment, in special the negative influence of the quantity of four-way intersections.
Article Info AbstractKeywords: airline loyalty switching costs stated preferenceThis study evaluates airline customer loyalty and estimates the switching costs for a domestic airline route in Brazil through a stated preference survey. Several structures of discrete choice models were tested to represent the choice of behavior: multinomial logit, mixed logit random coefficients, multinomial logit incorporating systematic variations of preferences, mixed logit error component and mixed logit error component incorporating systematic variations of preferences. The results showed that loyal passengers are more likely to choose the dominant Brazilian airline Tam. The switching costs of passengers loyal to Tam, for this sample, are equivalent to 15% of the fare, which represents much more than the percentage for other companies. These passengers are less sensitive to variations in the fares and incur higher costs not to switch airlines.
Background: Traffic accidents result in human and material damages. Although global agreements make commitments to reduce the number of victims of traffic accidents, at the local level, the challenges imposed on those responsible for identifying critical situations and proposing solutions challenge them daily. This peculiarity requires choosing the most appropriate instruments to assess road safety conditions and point out candidate locations for mitigating actions.Methods: Were obtained relevant studies on identifying and prioritizing accident-prone locations from the consultation of two electronic databases (Scopus and Web of Science). The data obtained were persisted on the Rayyan platform and evaluated by independent reviewers. Studies carried out in urban areas, which carry out the tasks of grouping accidents into units of analysis, identifying candidate areas, and prioritizing accident-prone locations, were selected.Results: Forty-two studies were selected and evaluated. The applied units of analysis, identification methods, and criteria for prioritizing candidate areas for accident-prone locations were identified among the studies found. The mapping of the works that apply statistical significance criteria of the findings and longitudinal analyses of the candidate sites was carried out.Conclusions: This work presents a narrative summary mapping the heterogeneity of applied approaches. The contribution of this study was the presentation of the roadmap for the different studies related to the analysis of APLs. Finally, it points to the need to adopt longitudinal analysis in future studies
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