Since
the turn of the 21st century, water pollution has been a
major issue, and most of the pollution is generated by dyes. Adsorption
is one of the most commonly used dye-removal methods from aqueous
solution. Magnetic-particle integration in the water-treatment industry
is gaining considerable attention because of its outstanding physical
and chemical properties. Magnetic-particle adsorption technology shows
promising and effective outcomes for wastewater treatment owing to
the presence of magnetic material in the adsorbents that can facilitate
separation through the application of an external magnetic field.
Meanwhile, the introduction of activated carbon (AC) derived from
various materials into a magnetic material can lead to efficient organic-dye
removal. Therefore, this combination can provide an economical, efficient,
and environmentally friendly water-purification process. Although
activated carbon from low-cost and abundant materials has considerable
potential in the water-treatment industry, the widespread applications
of adsorption technology are limited by adsorbent recovery and separation
after treatment. This work specifically and comprehensively describes
the use of a combination of a magnetic material and an activated carbon
material for dye adsorption in wastewater treatment. The literature
survey in this mini-review provides evidence of the potential use
of these magnetic adsorbents, as well as their magnetic separation
and recovery. Future directions and challenges of magnetic activated
carbon in wastewater treatment are also discussed in this paper.
Summary
With the increasing demand and depleting trend of commercial energies, it has forced the researchers all over the world to accelerate research and development in the area of renewable energy. Currently, unique and interesting features of binary compounds have gained more attention by researchers, and it became a favourite research topic among various groups of researchers around this world. It was noticed that strontium titanate (SrTiO3) consists of several extraordinary properties that can apply for miscellaneous applications especially for energy storage, fuel cells, as well as to generate hydrogen fuel via photocatalysis process. Besides that, it was noticed that SrTiO3 can be synthesised in different pathways. The method of preparation and amount of precursors can affect the surface properties of SrTiO3. Thus, this article presents a critical review on how SrTiO3 synthesis methods affect its surface morphology and the applications of SrTiO3 in various fields.
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