Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an odd (unpaired) number of electrons (free and single electrons) orbit atoms or molecules. These molecules help to bind atoms together as they are attracted to each other. When oxygen molecules are split apart and turned into unstable free radicals in biological system, tend to find another molecules that bind with, this process is called oxidative stress. The risk of oxidative stress lies in the fact that the free oxygen atoms reach the genetic material in the DNA, affecting the structure and causing a mutation in the cell to turn into diseased or malignant cells. The aim of this descriptive mini review, generally, is to shed light on the main types of these vital Free radicals in cellular system that may be involved with some diseases.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License AJBSR.MS.ID.000852.
This study aims to measure the levels of fat in women before and after menopause, which is considered as an indicator to increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease. This study included 210 Iraqi women before menopause, which ranged in age between (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45), and 200 of postmenopausal women were between the ages of (51-67). Blood samples were collected for cholesterol measurement, triglycerides and high protein density and low protein density and low-density lipoprotein too. The results showed no significant differences in cholesterol TC level as the results of the study showed that there are statistically significant differences for triglycerides (TG) which reported results significantly increased (P <0.05) in postmenopausal women when compared to pre menopausal women in which the results were (145.97±39.64) (100.87 ±32.11) mg / dL, respectively. As for (HDL-C) there was a significant decrease (P <0.05) in postmenopausal women (34.41 ± 10.92) when compared with pre menopausal women (43.01 ± 14.29), as well as the case for (LDL-C) in which there was a statistically significant increase (P <0.05) with reported results (108.59±21.20) in postmenopausal women and (77.11 ± 30.36) in women before menopause. Regarding (VLDL-C) in postmenopausal women, the results recorded a significant increase (P <0.5) in terms of its percentage (32.93±8.44) when compared with women before menopause (21.31 ± 7.12). We conclude in this study, the presence of statistically significant changes in the proportions of fat, which is considered a risk factor for blood vessel and heart disease in Iraqi's women.
Citation: Chateen I. Ali Pambuk, Sabah M. Salih and Fatma Mustafa Mohammed, Emergence of Metallo-b-Lactamase producing Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruogenosa Urinary Tract Infection in Children, J Pure Appl Microbiol., 2019; 13(4):2309-2316. https:// AbstractInfections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates producing Metallo-b-Lactamase (MBL) is a serious worldwide infections. It is associated with, higher mortality rates, more severe disease implicated and with a higher incidence of invasive disease than infections with the bacterial isolate of MBLnonproducers. This bacteria disseminated in many countries worldwide, with no reports available about their presence in Iraq. The present study was conducted to investigate the changes and the intensity of antibiotics resistance pattern of pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI) in duration of 2 years as well as reporting the first emergence of Metallo-b-Lactamase producing P aerugenosa in Iraq. Standard methods used for isolation and identification of bacteria. Carbapenem-resistance P. aeruginosa UTI isolates were tested for the presence of metallo-b-lactamases productino. This is the first report of the presence of Metallo-b-Lactamase producing P aerugenosa in Iraq region. The results showed no differences in resistance pattern among Gram positive bacteria isolated. While, their was a dramatic increase of Escherichia coli resistance which showed high sensitivity rate to cefotaxim (72.4%), recording an increasing rate of resistance by 12% during 2 years. Klebsiellae pneumoniae resistance profile were increased dramatically during 2 years to trimethoprim and cefotaxim to reach 30 % and 11% respectively, when compaired with our previous study. Regarding P. aeroginosae, there was further increase in resistance toward azithromycin, gentamicin and oxacillin by recording 14%, 11.6% and 11.6% of resistance rates respectively. The striking results of the present study was to find the resistant bacterial isolates of P. aeruginosae toward imipineme. Precisely, 4 (31.8%) out of 13 UTI isolates was found to be resistant to imipineme. In conclusion their was an different increasing resistance rates of isolates toward antibiotics, also an emergence of new MBL producing P. eaurogenosa.
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