Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an odd (unpaired) number of electrons (free and single electrons) orbit atoms or molecules. These molecules help to bind atoms together as they are attracted to each other. When oxygen molecules are split apart and turned into unstable free radicals in biological system, tend to find another molecules that bind with, this process is called oxidative stress. The risk of oxidative stress lies in the fact that the free oxygen atoms reach the genetic material in the DNA, affecting the structure and causing a mutation in the cell to turn into diseased or malignant cells. The aim of this descriptive mini review, generally, is to shed light on the main types of these vital Free radicals in cellular system that may be involved with some diseases.
The multiple mutations of the Covid 19 virus worry people around the world, and the reason for this is very clear, as the last century witnessed four pandemics of influenza viruses, which are: H1N1 in 1918, H2N2 in 1957, H3N2 in 1968, and H1N1 in 2009 - which came in a second deadly wave In the fall and the beginning of winter. Covid-19 may behave in the same way, and the dangerous mutants of Covid have already seemed to sweep the world like the Indian strain. The worry that we might get a double overwhelming infection from the flu and the coronavirus is justified and could be very dangerous to humanity. That the effect of this double overwhelming infection may be dangerous is more closely related to human behavior than to virology: as there are many similar characteristics common to the two viruses in virus transmission, spread, symptoms, and so on. Where both Covid-19 and influenza are transmitted - in most cases - through respiratory droplets, so the same prevention strategies used to limit the spread of the first will also work to limit the spread of the second and the speed of dealing with the first for sure from the second and so on. The aim of this descriptive minireview, generally, is to shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 induced Covid 19 and Influenza Dual overwhelming infection and the Rising attention to Similarities between them.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License AJBSR.MS.ID.000852.
Nanorobotics Nanorobotics is a technology for making machines, robots in nanometer scale. More specifically, nanorobotics largely refer to the still-hypothetical technique of nanotechnology in the design and construction of nanoparticles and devices that range in size from 0.1-10 micrometers and are constructed from own molecular components or the molecules like DNA. However, it is still a hypothetical idea. Terminology such as nanobots, nanoids, nanites, nanomachines, or nanomites are also being circulated to describe these devices under research and development. A new technique in medicine will open up new avenues of hope for cancer patients. This technique relies on cell differentiation and the destruction of cancer cells without destroying body cells in less than 24 hours Unlike destructive chemotherapy, this technique is based on a new science called "Nanotherapy", specifically Nano robots. The aim of this descriptive minireview, generally, is to shed light on the main Applications of Nanorobotics as Antitumornew strategies.
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