We provide general descriptions regarding the structure–stability correlations of iridium-based complex-oxide catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction in acid media.
In this study, we investigated Ti-doped ITO films formed through ionized physical vapor deposition (IPVD) using inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Ti-doped ITO thin films showed an enhanced mobility with ICP power; owing to the improved crystallinity, and the sheet resistance of the Ti-doped ITO (30 nm) largely decreased from 295.1 to 134.5 ohm/sq, even during at room temperature. Therefore, IPVD technology offers a useful tool for transparent electrodes with a large area window-unified touch-screen panel.
Biological systems consist of hierarchical protein structures, each of which has unique 3D geometries optimized for specific functions. In the past decades, the growth of inorganic materials on specific proteins has attracted considerable attention. However, the use of specific proteins as templates has only been demonstrated in relatively simple organisms, such as viruses, limiting the range of structures that can be used as scaffolds. This study proposes a method for synthesizing metallic structures that resemble the 3D assemblies of specific proteins in mammalian cells and animal tissues. Using 1.4 nm nanogold‐conjugated antibodies, specific proteins within cells and ex vivo tissues are labeled, and then the nanogold acts as nucleation sites for growth of metal particles. As proof of concept, various metal particles are grown using microtubules in cells as templates. The metal‐containing cells are applied as catalysts and show catalytic stability in liquid‐phase reactions due to the rigid support provided by the microtubules. Finally, this method is used to produce metal structures that replicate the specific protein assemblies of neurons in the mouse brain or the extracellular matrices in the mouse kidney and heart. This new biotemplating approach can facilitate the conversion of specific protein structures into metallic forms in ex vivo multicellular organisms.
In biological studies and diagnoses, brightfield (BF), fluorescence, and electron microscopy (EM) are used to image biomolecules inside cells. When compared, their relative advantages and disadvantages are obvious. BF microscopy...
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