Quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics of feedlot ewes subjected to increasing levels of concentrate in the diet [ ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of concentrate on the quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics of feedlot ewes. Twenty-four crossbred ewes were randomly distributed in four treatments: (1) diet with 20%; (2) 40%; (3) 60%; and (4) 80% of concentrate. Animals were slaughtered when those receiving the diet with 80% of concentrate reached adult weight, at around 50kg LW. The data were analyzed by means of variance and regression analyses and correlations. The levels of concentrate increased live weight at slaughter linearly. Height at the withers and rump presented medium to high correlation (0.86). The correlation of loin eye area measured on the carcass and by ultrasound examination was 0.81, whereas for back fat thickness it was 0.85. The increase in the use of concentrate in the diets promotes heavier carcasses with better yields and fat cover. Some measures obtained in vivo presented high correlation with those measured on the carcass. The use of ultrasound can be a way to predict the in vivo loin eye area. The use of concentrate improves the meat quality in variables' color and appearance.
This study aimed to evaluate the growth of body components in crossbred ewe lambs fed increasing levels of dietary concentrate and to determine the optimum level of supplementation for finishing ewe production. Thirty crossbred (½ Pantaneira × ½ Texel) wool ewe lambs fed Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and different dietary concentrate levels (20, 40, 60, and 80% DM basis) were selected for study. At the beginning of the study, six animals were slaughtered for determination of initial body composition. The remaining animals were slaughtered at approximately 48 kg live weight. The growth of body components in relation to body growth was estimated from the allometric model BC = a × (FBW) b , where BC is body component weight, a and b are growth equation parameters, and FBW is fasted body weight. Carcass, muscle, bone, and gastrointestinal tract were late maturing (b <1, P <0.01). Carcass and carcass fat growth was positively affected (linear, P <0.05) by concentrate level. Total fat weight increased with increasing concentrate level (P <0.05). The addition of up to 60% concentrate in growing ewe lamb diets is recommended for production of carcasses with early deposition of muscle and fat. The addition of 20% concentrate in ewe lab diets is sufficient for production of carcasses with maximum deposition of muscle and no excess fat. Key words: Allometric coefficient. Body composition. Lambs. ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar o crescimento dos componentes corporais de borregas mestiças alimentadas com níveis crescentes de concentrado na dieta e estabelecer o nível adequado de suplementação para produção de fêmeas para abate. Foram utilizadas 30 borregas lanadas, oriundas de cruzamentos com ovinos da raça Texel, alimentadas com feno de capim-Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) e quatro níveis de concentrado na dieta (20, 40, 60 e 80%). No início do experimento foi realizado abate para determinação da composição corporal de seis borregas. Os demais foram abatidos com aproximadamente 48 kg. Para o estudo do
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar as características quantitativas e qualitativas da carcaça e da carne de cordeiros confinados alimentados com torta de girassol. Foram utilizados 28 cordeiros mestiços Suffolk, com quatro 4 meses de idade e peso médio de 21,00±0,74 kg, distribuídos em quatro tratamentos: 0% (controle), 10%, 20% e 30% de inclusão de torta de girassol (% MS). O critério adotado para o abate foi escore corporal (3, em escala de 1 a 5). A inclusão da torta de girassol não influenciou as medidas de comprimento e profundidade da carcaça (P>0,05), pH 24 horas (P>0,05), rendimentos dos cortes comerciais (P>0,05), assim como a distribuição de gordura, espessura de gordura subcutânea e grau de marmoreio (P>0,05). Houve efeito linear (P<0,035) e quadrático (P<0,020) sobre a força de cisalhamento do músculo Longissimus dorsi, indicando elevação da FC conforme aumento do nível de inclusão, não ocorrendo o mesmo para os parâmetros de cor L*, a* e b* (P>0,05). Em relação ao tratamento controle, a inclusão de 20% e 30% de torta de girassol influenciou negativamente a área de olho de lombo (12,00 e 11,43 cm2, respectivamente) (P<0,05), peso de carcaça fria (13,19 e 12,58 kg, respectivamente) (P<0,05), e tempo de confinamento (136,85 e 138,39 dias respectivamente) (P<0,05). A inclusão de até 10% de torta de girassol pode ser recomendada para uso em dietas de cordeiros em confinamento, já que permite a produção de carne e carcaças com características quantitativas e qualitativas satisfatórias, sem afetar negativamente as características de desempenho.
The present work aimed at evaluating models that predict the proportion of bone, muscle, and fat in ewe lamb carcasses using in vivo data obtained from the 9 th to 11 th rib section and from the 12 th rib. A study population of 30 wooled ewe lambs, derived from Texel breed crosses, were fed with different concentrate levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) and slaughtered at a weight of 37.70 ± 10.23 kg. Carcass fat content (FC%) and muscle content (MC%) were estimated from models using the proportion of muscle and fat in the 9 th to 11 th rib section or in the 12th rib, with or without additional data regarding subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT mm) or carcass ribeye area (RA cm 2 ). Carcass bone content (BC%) was predicted based on the proportion of bones in the 9 th to 11 th rib section or in the 12 th rib. Modeling with in vivo data included fasting body weight (FBW), withers height (WH), and ultrasound measurements of SFT and RA. The FC% could be estimated from the carcass SFT and fat content in the 12 th rib. The MC% was more accurately predicted from the proportion of muscles in the 9 th to 11 th rib section and from carcass RA. The 9 th to 11 th rib section provided the most accurate data for the prediction of BC%. To determine FC% and MC% from in vivo inputs, the model must include FBW and WH. In vivo FBW measurements alone allow for the estimation of BC%. We recommend the use of 12 th rib composition for the accurate estimation of carcass fat content, and the use of the 9 th and 11 th rib section for the prediction of carcass muscle and bone content. Models using in vivo data for the prediction of fat, muscle, and bone in ewe lambs should incorporate FBW and WH. ResumoObjetivou-se ajustar e avaliar modelos para predição das proporções de ossos, músculos e gordura da carcaça de borregas a partir de medidas obtidas in vivo, na seção HH e 12ª costela. As 30 borregas lanadas, oriundas de cruzamentos com ovinos da raça Texel, foram confinadas, alimentadas com níveis crescentes de concentrado (20; 40; 60 e 80%) e abatidas com 37,70 ± 10,23 kg. Para estimativa da proporção de gordura (GC%) e músculo (MC%) na carcaça foram ajustados modelos com os percentuais de gordura e músculo da 9ª a 11ª costela (seção HH) ou da 12ª costela, acompanhados ou não da espessura de gordura (EGS mm) ou da área de olho de lombo da carcaça (AOL cm 2 ), respectivamente. A proporção de ossos da carcaça (OC%) foi predito pelo percentual de ossos na seção HH ou da 12ª costela. Para predição in vivo, foram ajustadas equações com peso corporal em jejum (PCJ), altura de cernelha (AC), EGS e AOL medidas por ultrassom. A GC% pode ser estimada pela EGS obtida na carcaça e o teor de gordura na 12ª costela. O MC% pode ser predito de forma mais acurada considerando o teor de músculo na seção HH e a AOL da carcaça. A seção HH foi o modelo mais acurado para predição da OC%. Para obtenção da GC% e MC% in vivo os modelos devem incluir PCJ e AC. O OC% in vivo pode ser estimado a partir do PCJ. Recomenda-se a utilização da composição física da 12ª...
Consumers are more interested in having healthier and better quality products. The diet offered to animals can strongly affect the composition of meat. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of concentrate on lipid profile (in natura meat) and cholesterol content (in natura and cooked meat) of ewe lambs' meat cuts. Therefore, twenty-four lambs with a mean weight of 23.1 ± 2.1 kg were confined and fed different levels of a concentrate (20, 40, 60 and 80%) for 120 days. The diets consisted of tifton hay and concentrate based on corn and soybean meal. The muscles triceps brachii (shoulder), longissimus dorsi (loin) and semimembranosus (leg) represented the respective cuts that were analyzed. Increased levels of concentrate decreased only C18:3 (5.82 to 0.20 mg/100 g) in meat and without affecting saturated fatty acids (SFA), unsaturated (UFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), polyunsaturated (PUFA), both desirable and total levels. Levels of concentrate had no effect on UFA/ SFA (1.01), MUFA/SFA (0.97), PUFA/SFA (0.04) ratios, or the atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI), nor on the content cholesterol in natura and cooked meat. The meat cuts had different lipid profiles, IA, IT and cholesterol content. Concentrate levels slightly alter the lipid profile and do not alter the cholesterol content, while meat cuts are different for these components. Key words: Fatty acids, feedlot, forage, leg, loin, shoulder ResumoOs consumidores estão cada vez mais interessados em consumir produtos saudáveis e de melhor qualidade. A dieta oferecida aos animais pode afetar fortemente a composição da carne. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos diferentes níveis de concentrado sobre o perfil lipídico (carne in natura) e o teor de colesterol (carne in natura e assada) dos cortes cárneos de borregas. Para isso, vinte e quatro borregas com peso médio de 23,1 ± 2,1 kg foram confinadas e alimentadas com diferentes níveis de concentrado (20, 40, 60 e 80%) por 120 dias. As dietas consistiram de feno Tifton e concentrado a base de milho e farelo de soja. Os músculos tríceps brachii, (paleta), longissimus dorsi (lombo) e semimembranosus
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