Objective: To assess the effects of fish (lean or oily) and fish oil consumption on blood lipid concentration during weight loss. Design: Randomized, controlled 8-week trial of energy-restricted diet varying in fish and fish oil content. Subjects, 324 men and women, aged 20-40 years, body mass index 27.5-32.5 kg m À2 , from Iceland, Spain and Ireland, were randomized to one of four groups: (1) control (sunflower oil capsules, no seafood), (2) cod diet (3 Â 150 g week À1 ), (3) salmon diet (3 Â 150 g week À1 ), (4) fish oil (DHA/EPA capsules, no seafood). The macronutrient composition of the diets was similar between the groups and the capsule groups were single-blinded. Measurements: Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG) and anthropometrics were measured at baseline and end point. Results: The difference in logTG lowering between the control group and the cod diet, salmon diet and fish oil from baseline to end point was À0.036 (95% CI À0.079 to 0.006), À0.060 (À0.101 to À0.018) and À0.037 (À0.079 to 0.006), respectively. Reduction in TC was about 0.2 mmol l À1 greater in the fish groups (cod and salmon) than in the control group, but only of borderline significance when adjusting for weight loss. HDL tended to decrease less in the diet groups consuming a significant amount of n-3 fatty acids (salmon and fish oil). Conclusion: Weight-loss diet including oily fish resulted in greater TG reduction than did a diet without fish or fish oil. Controlled trials using whole fish as a test meal are encouraged to be able to elucidate the role of different constituents of fish for human health.

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Com o objetivo de produzir silagens mais protéicas, foram testados quatro cultivares de soja consorciados com milho em dois arranjos culturais: linhas alternadas de milho e soja ou linha de milho alternada com duas linhas de soja, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Mediram-se as produções de MS e de PB e determinou-se a qualidade das silagens. A produção de MS e de PB não foi aumentada no arranjo com maior concentração de soja. As silagens apresentaram reduzido teor de MS, pH normal e elevada porcentagem de PB. Foi recomendado para a região o arranjo alternado de linhas de milho e soja, utilizando os cultivares Dourados e Ocepar-9 e também que o corte das forrageiras para ensilagem fosse mais tardio, quando o milho estivesse no estádio fisiológico de farináceo para semiduro.

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Background and purpose:  The influence of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism on clinical severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still controversial. Cigarette smoking has been suggested to influence the progression of disability in these patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether an interaction of smoking with the ApoE polymorphism influences the progression of disability in MS patients. Methods:  Smoking history from 205 female patients with MS was obtained. Clinical data collected include age at onset, disease duration, annual relapse rate, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS). ApoE polymorphism was examined in all patients and stratified according to smoking status and associations with the clinical data investigated. Results:  There were no significant associations between cigarette smoking and any of the clinical characteristics in the whole group of patients. In women carrying the ApoE E4 isoform, smokers had a lower EDSS (P = 0.033) and MSSS (P = 0.023) in comparison with non‐smokers. Conclusion:  Our data suggest that in women with MS carrying the ApoE E4 isoform, cigarette smoking may have a protective influence on disease progression and accumulation of disability. These findings need to be confirmed by future large longitudinal studies.

Efeito de aditivos biológicos comerciais na silagem de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum)[Effect of commercial biological additives on elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silage]

RESUMOAvaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de bezerros em sistema de creep feeding, em pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha, durante o período de amamentação, sobre o ganho médio diário (GMD), peso à desmama (PD) e taxa de gestação, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, utilizando 102 vacas Nelore (primíparas de baixa condição corporal ao início da estação de monta) e seus bezerros, divididos em dois grupos: T1 (n=52), não tratado e T2 (n=50), tratado com suplemento à base de 20% de PB e 75% de NDT. O consumo médio diário estimado no período foi 0,61kg de suplemento/bezerro/dia. Observaramse diferenças entre T1 e T2 quanto ao PD (P<0,01) e GMD (P<0,05), com valores, respectivamente, de 155,10±2,72 e 163,80±2,53kg; e 0,59±0,015 e 0,64±0,014kg. A taxa de gestação não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos (P>0,05). A suplementação em creep feeding pode aumentar o GMD e o PD de bezerros Nelore, sem alterar a taxa de gestação de primíparas que iniciam a estação de monta com baixa condição corporal.Palavras-chave: bovino, Nelore, creep feeding, ganho de peso, pré-desmama, taxa de gestação ABSTRACT The effect of creep feeding on average daily gain (ADG) and weaning weight (WW) of calves and pregnancy rate of dams was evaluated in