Beyond the parents' actual situation, our results underscore the importance of paying attention to their own perception of the situation in order to provide them with appropriate support.

BackgroundThe need for early intervention tools adapted to the First Nation culture is well documented. However, standards derived from First Nation communities are absent from the literature. This study examines the psychometric properties of an adaptation of a caregiver-completed screening tool, the Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), for the Mohawk population.MethodsParticipants who completed the questionnaires include 17 teachers, along with the parents of 282 children (130 girls and 152 boys) between the ages of 9 and 66 months who attend the Child and Family Center Mohawk Territory, Quebec.ResultsFor the internal consistency of the four questionnaires (36-, 42-, 48- and 54-month intervals), Cronbach’s alphas varied between .61 and .84. Five results were below 0.60: “gross motor” (Q36 and Q42), “problem solving” (Q36) and “personal-social” (Q36 and Q42). A comparison of the results shows that parents and teachers agreed in 85% of the cases concerning the referral of the child for further evaluation. Moreover, the group discussion with the parents revealed that the use of the questionnaire was appreciated and was deemed appropriate for use within the community.ConclusionThe results show that the ASQ is a screening test that may be appropriate for use with children from communities that are seemingly very different in terms of geographic, climatic and cultural backgrounds. This preliminary study with the Child and Family Center appears to support further study and the use of the ASQ with the Mohawk population.

La présence d’une incapacité chez un enfant peut poser des défis importants à sa famille. Cet article traite de perceptions des parents concernant cette expérience ainsi que leurs besoins. Il s’agit d’une recherche de type qualitatif. Des entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de 24 parents d’enfants présentant les incapacités suivantes : 1) incapacités intellectuelles, 2) problèmes de santé mentale, 3) incapacités visuelles, 4) incapacités auditives, 5) incapacités motrices et 6) traumatisme craniocérébral. Les entrevues ont été analysées à l’aide du logiciel Atlas.ti (Muhr, 1997). Les résultats traitent de leur appréciation des aides et services reçus et de leur expérience familiale.The presence of a child with a disability can pose important challenges within the family. This article concerns the parents’ perceptions of their life experience and their needs. This qualitative design research was realized with 24 parents of children with the following incapacities: 1) intellectual disabilities, 2) mental health problems, 3) visual impairment, 4) hearing impairment, 5) physical disabilities, and 6) traumatic brain injury. The semi-directed individual interviews were analyzed with the software ATLAS.ti (Muhr, 1997). The results present informations about their appreciation of the assistances and services they received and their family life experience

Objective: This scoping review aims to provide a data mapping and narrative synthesis of the available peer-reviewed scientific literature on the translation and cultural adaptation processes relative to the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) as reported by the authors. It also seeks to paint an overall portrait of the implementation of the translated and culturally adapted ASQ worldwide. Methods: Articles published between 1995 and May 11, 2018, were identified via systematic searches of peer-reviewed literature carried out using CINAHL, Scopus, MEDLINE, Education Source, PsycINFO, and ERIC. The articles included in the qualitative synthesis were coded based on an extraction form developed for the study. Results: In the 46 articles surveyed, 37 different cultural adaptations were identified in 29 languages and 27 countries. Translations were included in 33 cultural adaptations, and language modifications were reported in 18 adaptations. The forward-backward translation method was reported in 25 cases. The authors declared having made cultural content, language, visual, and/or conceptual modifications in 26 adaptations. Cultural content modifications were reported in 24 adaptations. At least one method (pilot study, individual interview, survey or focus group with respondents) was reported in 24 adaptations. Conclusion: Cultural modifications were relatively minor and were, in general, made to establish equivalence with the source version. As well, the processes used to translate and culturally adapt the ASQ varied widely based on the types of methods. Additional work should be conducted to document the process of this crucial phase.

The organizations' characteristics and choices are essential components of an action plan that favors quality program implementation, a prelude to effectiveness, especially in natural environment. The objectives of this study are to describe the choices made by rehabilitation centers (CRDITED) in the context of a universal community based on Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention program (EIBI) for 2 to 5 year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Québec (Canada). Based on a theoretical evaluation model, a questionnaire was filled out by 15 CRDITEDs, covering the large majority of the Quebec territory but also the Quebec population. Results show a great diversity between the different CRDITEDs. Factors that impact implementation quality are identified. Absence of evidence-based implementation practices and the diversity of the approaches to EIBI are discussed.

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