The aim of the study was to identify the direct and indirect existing relationship among personality traits on aggression of high school and undergraduate students from the city of João Pessoa, Brazil, using the General Aggression Model as the theoretical framework. The sample consisted of 218 students, of which 107 were high school students and 111 undergraduate students. The instruments used for data collection were as follows: Aggression Questionnaire, the Big Five Inventory and a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire. The main results showed direct effects of neuroticism (+), extraversion (+) and agreeableness (-) in physical aggression. On the other hand, indirect effects of neuroticism (+), opening (+) and agreeableness (-) in physical aggression, mediated by aggressive emotions have been found. These findings are discussed based on previous research and the General Aggression Model along with suggestions of research which have been conducted in an attempt to further knowledge in this area. Keywords

RESUMO. O objetivo do presente estudo foi adaptar a Escala de Racismo Moderno ao contexto brasileiro. Pretendeuse conhecer sua validade de construto (estrutura fatorial) e consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach, α). Contou-se com a participação de 269 sujeitos, com idade média de 21 anos (DP = 4,76; amplitude de 15 a 38), em sua maioria do sexo feminino (73,6%), solteiros (81,8%) e estudantes universitários (74%). Estes responderam a perguntas demográficas e uma bateria de seis medidas, entre as quais a Escala de Racismo Moderno, que teoricamente cobre dois fatores nítidos: negação do preconceito e ameaça aos princípios de igualdade. Coerentemente, a análise fatorial realizada permitiu identificar dois fatores que explicaram conjuntamente 32,4% da variância total, sendo interpretados como negação do preconceito (α = 0,71) e afirmação de diferenças (α = 0,74). Estes resultados são discutidos à luz de estudos previamente realizados, sugerindo-se a possibilidade de se considerar uma estrutura bifatorial para a medida do preconceito sutil na população estudada. Palavras-chave: preconceito, discriminação, afirmação de diferenças.

The Barlett Gentile cyberbullying model (BGCM) posits that correlated anonymity perceptions and the belief in the irrelevance of muscularity for online bullying (BIMOB) predict positive cyberbullying attitudes to predict subsequent cyberbullying perpetration. Much research has shown the BGCM to be the only published theory that differentiates traditional and cyberbullying while validly predicting cyberbullying. So far, however, the cross‐cultural ubiquity has gone understudied. Thus, 1,592 adult participants across seven countries (USA, Australia, Brazil, China, Germany, Japan, and Singapore) completed measures germane to the BGCM. Supporting the BGCM, the variables were significantly correlated for the entire sample, participants from independent cultures, and participants from interdependent cultures. However, the relationship between BIMOB and positive cyberbullying attitudes as well as the relationship between positive cyberbullying attitudes and cyberbullying perpetration were stronger for independent cultures. These results suggest that the BGCM postulates are mostly universal, but several relations appear to be culturally different. Theoretical implications are discussed.

Multisector development is known to be important on a macroeconomic scale. The results of this pilot project support the view that multisector development is also important on a microeconomic level, given that the parallel microcredit and health promotion programs resulted in greater change in the measured health indicators than either program alone. As far as we authors know, this is the first published study to quantify changes in health indicators related to parallel health promotion and microcredit programs as compared to control communities with only a health promotion program or a microcredit program.

PurposeTo report total fluid intake (TFI) and the intake of different fluid types in adults (≥ 18 years old) from Mexico, Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. To compare intakes between countries and with recommended adequate intake (AI) of water from fluids.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected using a validated liquid intake 7-day record (Liq.In7) in populations from Argentina (n = 1089), Brazil (n = 477), Mexico (n = 1677) and Uruguay (n = 554). Population characteristics, including age, gender, body mass index and socioeconomic level were recorded. Mean TFI was compared with the AI of water from fluids set by the USA Institute of Medicine.ResultsThe lowest TFI was recorded in Mexican women (1748 mL/day) and the highest in Argentinean men (2318 mL/day). Median daily TFI was significantly different between countries; Uruguay and Argentina had higher values than Mexico and Brazil. In the former, plain water contributed to only 25% of TFI, the remainder being predominantly from hot beverages. Approximately, a third of adults did not drink enough fluid to meet the recommended AI. High SSB consumption was reported, which was significantly different between countries (p < 0.05), the highest being in Mexico (median 25–75th percentiles): 531 (300–895 mL/day.ConclusionsThis survey highlights the need to increase water consumption and reduce SSB intake in this region to avoid potential associated health risks. These findings may be useful information in monitoring public health policy strategies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-018-1724-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Se reseñan los procedimientos y cuidados metodológicos para la medición de los significados connotativos, que serán utilizados en la elaboración de instrumentos con validez étnica. Partiendo de las técnicas, originalmente propuestas por Figueroa et al. (1981) y descritos posteriormente por Lagunes (1993), se trata de ofrecer un panorama didáctico para llevar a cabo la medición por redes semánticas, colocando algunas recomendaciones derivadas de los estudios efectuados con este método.

Considerando que a preferência musical é pouco estudada para compreensão do comportamento anti-social, pretenderam-se conhecer as relações que esse construto guarda com os comportamentos desviantes, tendo em conta também as atitudes frente ao uso de maconha. Contou-se com uma amostra de 548 estudantes do ensino médio de escolas públicas (46,4%) e privadas (53,6%), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (54,9%). Os participantes responderam à Escala de Preferência Musical, Escala de Atitudes frente ao Uso de Maconha e Escala de Condutas Anti-sociais e Delitivas, além de perguntas de caráter sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicaram que a preferência por estilos musicais anticonvencionais (heavy metal e rap) se correlacionou diretamente com as atitudes favoráveis frente ao uso de maconha e com os comportamentos anti-sociais e delitivos. Por outro lado, a preferência pelos estilos convencionais (pop music e música religiosa) apresentou um padrão de correlação inverso com essas variáveis. Foram observadas diferenças na preferência musical, nas atitudes frente ao uso de maconha e nos comportamentos anti-sociais e delitivos em função do sexo, tendo as mulheres se ajustado mais aos padrões convencionais vigentes. Esses resultados são consistentes com os previamente publicados. Conclui-se, todavia, que existe ainda um longo caminho a se explorar para que se possa oferecer uma explicação definitiva sobre a influência das preferências musicais.

RESUMO Attitudes Toward Guns Scale (ATGS): Evidence of its Psychometric AdequacyABSTRACT -This study aimed to verify the construct validity of the Attitude Towards Guns Scale (ATGS). The sample in study 1 was composed by 200 policemen, with a mean age of 27.75 years (SD=2.98), 88.8% being men. They responded to the ATGS questionnaire and to demographic questions. A principal components analysis indicated a three-factor structure, with Cronbach's alphas of .81 (justice), .76 (protection) and .65 (crimes). The sample in Study 2 was composed by 220 college students, with a mean age of 24.37 years (SD=7.58), 53% being females. The three-factor structure was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The fit indexes were satisfactory. Cronbach's Alphas of the Study 2 were .81, .76 and .75. The study indicates that women tend to associate guns with crime while men tend to associate them with protection and justice.